Crown Cork Summary Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crown Cork Summary - Research Paper Example The Crown Cork was established in 1892. The founder of the Crown Cork is William Painter. The company took the right turn towards success back in 1892, when the founder of the company came up with a new and much better way of packing beer and other soft drinks than the ways that were in practice in those years. The company first invented a cap for the bottle of SuperEnd beverage. The vision introduced by Painter brought an altogether change and revolution in the industry of bottling. Six years after its establishment, in 1898, Painter introduced the syruper-crowner into the industry, that was the first ever foot powered machine. The machine increased the efficiency of the bottle filling and capping system manifolds. Using it, an operator was able to fill and cap as many as 24 bottles in just one minute. Business flourished a lot as Painter sold more and more crowning equipment. The retailers appreciated the innovative bottle filling and capping device. Since then, many other products have been developed by this company. Although the company took a wonderful start with the popularity of its bottle packaging method, yet Crown Cork was genuinely fortunate to have excellent leaders one after another throughout its tenure since 1892.

Project Estimating Techniques Essay Example for Free

Project Estimating Techniques Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Project estimating techniques are important to project managers, because they provide them with accurate predictions on which good planning and risk assessment are more soundly based. An estimate is used as an assessment tool to determine the quantitative outcome of a project. Project estimation is important because it justifier’s the project, usually at the initial stage of the project. This is because it enables the project managers to compare the costs with the anticipated benefits, thus determining the profitability of the project. Project estimation is important because it assists in enforcing the various disciplines required to make the project succeed as well as enabling everyone understand the impact of the project. Project estimation is usually based on three components, which include experience, expert judgment and task decomposition. In experience, the project is compared with projects that have been previously completed. In task decomposition, the project is decomposed into various components known as work breakdown structures and estimating the outcome of each work package. (Rad, 2002). Cost estimation technique   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cost estimation and budgeting involves estimation of the cost allocated to various duties in the project and the budget for each duty. The initial cost estimation of a project determines the fate of that particular project. It is very important to make accurate cost estimation, because if the cost is over estimation, there is a high likelihood of losing the project. Cost estimation involves identifying various elements, which include resources that are required for the project profits to be made from the project, overheads involves into the technology and the total expenses of the project. The total costs of the project should be analyzed in relation to the work packages of the project. In cost estimation, the total budget cost of each work packages in the projects identified and the process distributed over the time spent on each work package. The cost of each work package is then determined based on the activities and time spent on the package. The cumulative budget cost is used to determine the cost spent over a period of time and it analyzes the cost performance of the project.  Ã‚   The cumulative budget cost is used as a baseline against the actual cost and performance of the project. While preparing the cost estimation budget of a project it is important to consider decision-making processes, investment opportunities and performance reviews. During the project, project managers are advised to keep tract of the committed cost as well as the actual cost by collecting data and maintaining it in an information system. The committed cost should be set aside because it is money that has to be paid out in future. Another important element in cost estimation is determining the earned value for a project. This is determined by the value of work that has been performed and requires collection of data on the complete percentage of each work package. ( Lock,2007). Base and contingency estimation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In base and contingency technique, the estimation involves two components the base and the contingency. The base is referred to as the minimum expected time that is required to complete the project if everything goes as planned. The contingency is the level of trust that is usually placed on the base when all risks taken are put into account. Contingency costs are set aside only for unexpected events and omissions that may arise during the project. Separating the base and contingency cost is determined by considering everything that fail or go wrong during the project. The contingency cost is determined by using the risk analysis technique. Importance of project estimation techniques in an organization base and contingency estimation in an organization, the project manager is required to take into account all the wide risks that the project may encounter. The manager is also required to undertake a risk analysis and determine the appropriate amount of contingency to be set aside. The project contingency can be estimated by determining the money and resources to be used in the project. In order to produce an estimation of the project, the project manager is required to decompose the project into various tasks, otherwise known as a work breakdown structure. The project manager will then estimate each task as appropriate, add the estimates together and finally add the project contingency. Contingency estimation is usually based on expert judgment dependent on various cost engineering. Cost estimation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The cost estimation technique in an organization is required in order to support good-decision making processes as well as making a schedule of the work. Project managers use the cost estimation technique to determine whether the project is worth the effort being put into it. The development of cash flow needs and time-phased budgets requires a proper cost and time estimation technique. Project estimation is important in an organization because it enables them decide whether investing in a certain project is good for the company. (Verzuh, 2005). Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚   Project estimation is the foundation of planning a project because it establishes appropriate targets for the cost and the work packages. Project that are planned based on unrealistic estimations turn out poorly and with very high budgets and schedules. In order to achieve reliable estimates, the project scope should be well identified and defined. If the product scope is defined as unrealistic, then the estimation may be inaccurate therefore leading to very unrealistic targets; initially the project estimation is based on decomposition of the project into work packages. Project estimation is thus, essential for project planning and target setting. Reference Rad, P. F. (2002). Project estimation and cost management. Management concepts. Lock, D. (2007). Project management. Gower publishing Verzuh, E. (2005). The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley and sons.

Electronic Music | An introdcution

Electronic Music | An introdcution Electronic Music: The standard way of thinking about music has it that it is an important aspect of any culture and socialization. Although there is major difference in music genres from culture to culture, we all can say that music is an important part of our lives. Not only it is soothing, but it also creates individuality in individuals depending on the genre of music they like and accept. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics,†Music provides entertainment and distraction from problems and serves as a way to relieve tension and boredom. Some studies have reported that adolescents use popular music to deal with loneliness and to take control of their emotional status or mood†. Music is a great way to escape the reality and create a sense of serenity in an individual. For many years we have shifted in music rhythms and productions. Classical music and other older genres are currently overlapped by the modern day rap, hip-hop, and dance and electronic music. In our modern day so ciety, electronic music a large role on providing the listeners with great beats and rhythm but also provides to the listeners to go to an electrifying extent. Electronic music is not only part of the rave scene but musicians of different genres of music around the word produce the same beats by using the turn tables and electronic instruments. With the new and improved technologies and instruments, music is produced electronically with some bass guitars and drums, but no matter what instruments the musicians use, the production of music greatly provides the listeners with imagination. From different instrument usage, music is a great way to relieve stress and express emotions. Electronic music not only provides the listeners with a sense of emotion, but also creates imagination in individuals and serves as an inspiration to many other artists in the use of electronics. Music cannot be considered a single sound, but it is a set of beats and rhythm that create pleasure to listeners ears. Electronic music is an art, an art that is created by using electronic instruments such as turn tables. The main aspect of electronic music is that it provokes happiness to the listeners. Electronic music has different sub groups such as: Techno, Dubstep, Indie, House Tech, Trance and Dance but it does not matter to the listeners which to choose, they all produce the safe effect: create a sense of emotion in listeners. According to Leonard Meyer, â€Å"And finally, listeners, past and present, have reported with remarkable consistency that music does arouse feelings and emotion in them† (12). In other words, we as humans are full of emotion and express them in our daily lives. As electronic music played in clubs and social events, individuals feel happiness therefore undergo the state of excitement and then begin rhythmic practices such as dancing. And of cou rse, any type of music that the listeners decide to listen will experience emotion. Usually at large social performances by highly respected artists, individuals decide to wear neon colors that bring happiness to the performance. Electronic music provides the listeners with emotions due to different beats and rhythm that the audience follows. Some may decide to focus their attention on certain beat that attract their attention, however as a whole, electronic music is upbeat and surprising. Imagination is a huge process in which an individual paints a mental picture in learning styles. In a math class for instance, one may paint a mental picture of formulas to help one study, however when it is needed one must reflect back at that memory to retrieve the information. Due to the high intensity and upbeat rhythm, imagination is decided upon the individual. Some electronic musicians such as Tiesto or Armin Van Buren often use beats and rhythm that use nature sounds so therefore the listener may imagine that he or she is in a nature setting. Throughout the electronic beats that the electronic music provides, a message is conveyed. According to Leonard Meyer, â€Å"On the contrary, the musical theory and practice of many different cultures in many different epochs indicate that music can and does convey referential meaning† (3). Some music has meanings that are people can relate to. For instance, Eminem has been rapping about the meaning in his life however some genre s are turning toward explicit lyrics. Electronic music however is a set of beats that convey different messages to different individuals. People have the freedom to decide on the meaning of electronic music and what impact it has on their thoughts and imaginations. Thoughts, imaginations and reflections flow through listeners minds and an escape from reality occurs. As a result, electronic music provides the listener with many options on the relation of the meaning he or she decides to create. Our society has numerous bands that have progressed from using electric and acoustic guitars, drums and other instrument to using electronic computers and turn tables to produce new beats. Modern day artists produce their music in studios with a set of turn tables and electronic sets. More and more hip hop artist are turning toward electronic elements into their music which becomes more upbeat. The song â€Å"Feel It† by Three 6 Mafia and Sean Kingston for instance, is a great example of artists using electronic beats. Tiesto, one of the well known DJs creates the songs beats to which Three 6 Mafia raps to. Similarly, in dance clubs, DJs take ordinary hip hop songs and add a beat of electronic music for more pleasurable sounds and allow the audience to dance to. In Freedmans view, â€Å"Which brings us full circle to the original point—namely, that electronicas rise isnt just a trend. Rather, the influence of electronic elements into all forms of music seems to indica te a real turning point, a change in ideals brought on by the increased availability and affordability of computer-based music-creating programs†. Our generation has greatly become more and more technologically advanced in many aspects of daily lives. Technological advancement not only has made our healthcare, entertainment and communication better, but it also has changed the music industry. Electronic music has a major impact on different genres. Although the new technologies have a big impact on the music industries, electronic music has influenced artists to use upbeat music. As a result, an individual has the freedom to decide to listen to electronic music or not, he or she may hear electronic aspects in different songs that are heard on the radio. As I have shown, electronic music provides more than just beats and rhythm to the listeners but also allows them to find inner imagination. Electronic music has progressed from being underground to the modern day popular culture which is attracting more listeners and allows them to experience a sense of enjoyment. Once a listener hears a single electronic music song, he or she will fall in love and would want to listen more. There are numerous DJs for a listener to choose from such as: ATB, Above and Beyond, Tiesto, Armin Van Buuren and Marcus Schulz and they will provide the first time listener with a sense of excitement and surely will not disappoint them. Works- Cited Meyer, Leonard B., Emotion and Meaning in Music.Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999. Fuld, Gilbert G., Mulligan, Deborah A., and Brown, Ari. â€Å"Impact of Music in Children and Young Adults†. American Academy of Pediatrics 124 (2009): 9. Freedman, Pete. â€Å"Electronic Music Moves Its Way Into Other Genres.† The Dallas Observer 19 November 2009. Web. 13 March 2010.

The Man In The Moon :: essays papers

The Man In The Moon I lie on the grass, staring above me, my arms stretch high into the starlit sky, they warp and twist and elongate and they reach up and my hands grasp the moon and its mine and no-one else's and my fingers become a part of it and then I'm the moon, look at me I'm the Man in the Moon and I Can See All, I Can See You, and my arm stretches down and my giant finger uncurls and points and my voice deep and booming says ITS YOU and the person I'm pointing at looks straight up at me and his arms are reaching towards me and he's smiling and then I realise with a start that its me. I get up and shake my head. Then I lie down again and shake my head. Then I sit up and shake my head and rub my eyes and scratch my head and yawn and this seems to work and so I get up. I lie down again: it didn't work. I think I'll stay here a while and think about things until I can get up and stand and maybe walk again. I may be some time. I'm looking up into the sky. Its night but its not that dark. The moon's out and so are the stars and there are no clouds in the sky. True, its not as bright as it is, say, during the day, but nevertheless it's relatively bright. It's a damn sight brighter then the inside of a really dark cave with your head covered in a thick, thick blanket with your eyes closed. But ours is not to quibble on the brightness, or lack thereof, of this night in question. So, the state of the night cleared up, I can continue. I'm looking into the sky and I'm lying on the grass, which is a little strange because grass is not, as it were, the most abundant of materials in this place. I'm lying on a small patch of such grass that is surrounded on all sides by sand. In the distance I can hear the sea and its crashing against the beach and I worry about all the poor little creatures caught in it.

Chemistry Is Everywhere Essay

Everything you hear, see, smell, taste, and touch involves chemistry and chemicals (matter). And hearing, seeing, tasting, and touching all involve intricate series of chemical reactions and interactions in you body. With such an enormous range of topics, it is essential to know about chemistry at some level in order to understand the world around us. In more formal terms chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it can undergo. Chemists sometimes refer to matter as ‘stuff’, and indeed so it is. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Which is to say, anything you can touch or hold. Common usage might have us believe that ‘chemicals’ are just those substances in laboratories or something that is not a natural substance. Far from it, chemists believe that everything is made of chemicals. Although there are countless types of matter all around us, this complexity is composed of various combinations of some 100 chemical elements. The names of some of these elements will be familiar to almost everyone. Elements such as hydrogen, chlorine, silver, and copper are part of our everyday knowledge. Far fewer people have heard of selenium or rubidium or hassium. Nevertheless, all matter is composed of various combinations of these basic elements. The wonder of chemistry is that when these basic particles are combined, they make something new and unique. Consider the element sodium. It is a soft, silvery metal. It reacts violently with water, giving off hydrogen gas and enough heat to make the hydrogen explode. Nasty ‘stuff’. Also consider chlorine, a green gas when at room temperature. It is very caustic and choking, and is nasty enough that it was used as a horrible chemical gas weapon in the last century. So what kind of horrible mess is produced when sodium and chlorine are combined? Nothing more than sodium chloride, common table salt. Table salt does not explode in water or choke us; rather, it is a common additive for foods we eat everyday. And so it is with chemistry, understanding the basic properties of matter and learning how to predict and explain how they change when they react to form new substances is what chemistry and chemists are all about. Chemistry is not limited to beakers and laboratories. It is all around us, and the better we know chemistry, the better we know our world.

Food stamps in America Essays

Food stamps in America Essays Food stamps in America Essay Food stamps in America Essay A Argument if Food Stamps are Good or Bad For the Economy Ever inquire how America finances is the manner it is today? Over clip there have been a batch of things that play in the up and down falls of America fundss. America is centered on its budget and how it uses its budget. In this paper, it will be foregrounding the effects of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ( SNAP, 2014 ) . This paper will be touching on the history of SNAP, the importance and effects of the plan, and the argument that is hording over the plan. Food Stamp Program Background The first thought of the nutrient cast plan before it got its name Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ( SNAP ) was thought of chiefly by Secretary of Agriculture Henry Wallace and the program’s foremost Administrator Milo Perkins on May 16, 1939. The thought of the plan was to let citizens to purchase what is known as orange casts that were equal to their normal nutrient disbursals. For illustration, for every 1 $ worth of orange casts that were bought, it would be 50 cents deserving of bluish casts that were received ( SNAP, 2014 ) . The regulations for the nutrient cast plan is orangish casts were for any nutrient but bluish casts were merely for nutrients that were approved by the Department to be excess. Over the old ages up to 1943, there were about 4 million people, at the clip, who was in the plan which lead to a entire cost of $ 262 million. The first to really utilize the casts was a lady by the name Mabel McFiggin in Rochester, New York and the first retail me rchant to roll up the casts was Joseph Mutolo. In every plan, it has to be person to go against some type of regulation ; in this instance it was a adult male by the name Nick Salzano in October 1939 ( SNAP, 2014 ) . : The plan came to an terminal shortly after that because the grounds that brought the plan to visible radiation were no longer an issue such as unmerchantable nutrient excesss and the rate of unemployment. The plan was brought back in May 29 1961 for merely three old ages ( SNAP, 2014 ) . It was under the name pilot nutrient cast plan on February 2, 1961 under President Kennedy to spread out the nutrient distribution. During that clip, Isabelle Kelley became the first adult female in United States Department of Agriculture to go a caput of an action plan and besides been the plan foremost manager ( SNAP, 2014 ) . In 1977, The Food Stamp Act was implied to assist those in demand by altering the disposal of the plan with a tighter control over it. Over the old ages since so, the plan has had many alterations to it. It had some cutbacks around 1981 to 1982, on September 19, 1988 cast was put on an machine-controlled card known as Electronic Benefit Transfer ( EBT ) and so there was the r eauthorization of the Food Stamp Program in 2002 and 2008 ( SNAP, 2014 ) . Issues and Importance Now, SNAP is the 2nd largest aid plan behind Medicaid. The new issues that are environing the plan are these who qualify to utilize the plan. Since the recession, the figure of people acquiring aid went up by the terminal of 2013 to about 47.6 million but in the 2014 it dropped to 46.7 million ( Mitchell, A, 2014 ) . The job is there are a batch of citizen who don’t need the aid that are on the plan. This is doing revenue enhancement remunerators to pay more to lend to equilibrating out the budget. SNAP is raking up an $ 80 billion measure that the taxpayers are paying ( Sheffield A ; Gaiser, 2013 ) . SNAP might assist those in demand but it’s non supposed to be a lasting hole, but a temporally fix. There are citizens who don’t need SNAP any longer or they neer needed it in the first topographic point, but are mistreating the plan. This is taking to the authorities desiring to cut back on people having SNAP in 2015. The issue is of import to public disposal because one of its subdivisions public fiscal disposals occupation is to seek over activities of finance and over revenue enhancements. With SNAP bing more, the public fiscal disposal has to raise the revenue enhancements to assist with the support. Some people say that SNAP has weakened the economic system because of this. Evidence Supporting Food Stamps SNAP has helped many low income households in many ways. It was really effectual and efficient in the clip of demand. Some of the major benefits of SNAP are the ability to react efficaciously to the recession, the recent of disbursement is impermanent ; its ability to make a high portion of people who are eligible, and payments truth is at all-time highs ( Rosenbaum, 2013 ) . SNAP caseloads increased significantly during the recession between 2007 and 2011. The Congressional Budget Office ( CBO ) has confirmed that the primary ground for the addition in the figure of participants was the deep recession and subsequent slow recovery ; there were no important legislative enlargements of eligibility ( Rosenbaum, 2013 ) . There are two grounds why the instance burden grew. The first one being more families are measure uping for the plan and enrolling. The 2nd one consists of larger portions of eligible families that are subscribing up for the plan. Long term unemployment has played a major function in the addition. Unemployed workers who has been out of work for more than half a twelvemonth, normally seeks aid from SNAP. During and after the recession, SNAP delivered about $ 35 billion in extra benefits under the Recovery Act. Congress enacted this proviso as a fast and effectual economic stimulation step to assist force against the lifting tide of adversity for low income Americans ( Rosenbaum, 2013 ) . Since the recession hit, SNAP disbursement has risen, but the additions are to be impermanent. CBO predicts that SNAP registration will fall in approaching old ages as the economic system recovers. As the low income population grows and nutrient monetary values addition, SNAP costs are expected to lift to back up the growing. Eligibility alterations have non played a big function in SNAP growing. Policymakers has thought that the alterations in SNAP would do more people qualify such as higher income families. A province option known as broad-based categorical eligibility allows provinces to widen SNAP eligibility to certain low income families whose gross income is above 130 per centum of poorness or who have modest assets ( Rosenbaum, 2013 ) . CBO tried to revoke the province option, but the provinces use of the option histories for approximately two per centum of SNAP plan costs. During and after the recession, some unemployed childless grownups became eligible under longstanding authorization for the provinces to relinquish the clip bound during periods of high unemployment, which would usually confront a three month clip bound on SNAP benefits. Each twelvemonth, the provinces pull together a sample and reexamine the truth of their eligibility and benefit determinations. Federal functionaries take a subsample of the instances to re-review the guarantee truth in the mistake rates. States are capable to financial punishments if their mistake rates are persistently higher than the national norm ( Rosenbaum, 2013 ) . When provinces had a combined mistake rate below six per centum they qualified for a bonus payment or enhanced support in acknowledgment of their public presentation under the 2002 Farm Bill. Traveling on eight old ages the national mistake rate has exceeded this criterion. SNAP has succeeded in supplying seasonably nutrient aid to eligible low income families while keeping strong plan unity and payment truth ( Rosenbaum, 2013 ) . In all instances there is room for betterment in making eligible families. The provinces and USDA are seeking to happen ways to develop policies and processs that will beef up plan unity without doing it harder for eligible families to take part. Reform Food Stamps Curate suggests that Congress should transform the plan from one that rewards dependance into 1 that encourages work and autonomy. Some ways might be to set a cap on future nutrient cast disbursement and alter the duty from the Department of Agriculture ( USDA ) to the Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) , make registrations tighter to shut some of expensive spreads and cut down fraud if at all possible and prohibit illegal immigrant households from acquiring nutrient casts payments. Besides with a work activation plan and necessitate drug proving to have nutrient casts. To carry through these thoughts Congress should return nutrient casts back to pre-recession degrees and cap future disbursement. State authoritiess receive additions in nutrient cast support when they increase the figure of receivers. This encourages disbursement and unneeded dependance on authorities assistance. Transfer control over nutrient casts from the USDA to HHS. The nutrient cast plan is non an agricultural plan, but a means to prove the public assistance plan. The USDA viewed nutrient casts as a manner to spread out farmers’ income by advancing increased nutrient purchases. This is an inefficient policy to supply income to husbandmans ; for each $ 1.00 authorities spends on nutrient casts, husbandmans receive about three cents in added income ( Rector, 2012 ) . Congress needs to extinguish application loopholes that permit receivers to short-circuit income and plus trial. The Obama Administration has upheld admittance processs that enable appliers to short-circuit ordinary income and assets trials for eligibility. A individual family may be eligible for several public assistance plans. Receipt of assistance from one plan may give categorical eligibility for another to avoid duplicative administrative costs. Persons with more than $ 2,000 in liquid assets could non have aid ; families were expected to utilize their ain assets to back up themselves before turning to taxpayer funded public assistance ( Rector, 2012 ) . By geting more timely and accurate information about recipient net incomes, improper benefit overpayments should be cut downing. When information is collected right grosss should non be able to make improper filing. Food stamps benefits should diminish as monthly net incomes addition. State bureaucratisms should be able to take their clip to traverse look into the National Directory of New Hires to observe grounds of new employment. Illegal immigrants who have kids born in the United States routinely receive nutrient casts ( Rector, 2012 ) . The public assistance office will detect that the immigrant is illegal, but will make nil to describe it. Even though the benefits are supposed to travel towards the kid it is used to buy nutrient for the full family. Parents should supply a valid Social Security figure demoing that they live in the United States lawfully and that they are wilily and able to work. Able nutrient cast receivers should be required to work, fix for work, or at least expression for a occupation as a status of having assistance ( Rector, 2012 ) . Most families have grownups who are capable of working but work little or non at all. A work activation plan will do both the caseload and the figure of new registrations to drop quickly. Recipients should be required to take a drug trial before having nutrient casts. By holding receivers tested for drugs would cut down uneconomical authorities disbursement. Besides, by halting drug usage among receivers will interchangeability increase their hereafter for employment chances? As a taxpayer, financess should non be used to back up persons who abuse illicit drugs. Evidence shows that drug testing has the possible to significantly cut down unneeded public assistance disbursement and abuse of financess ( Rector, 2012 ) . Food casts remain a plan that discourages work, wagess idling, and promotes long term dependance. The thoughts that Rector was seeking to do is that Congress demands to make something to better the distribution of nutrient casts. Too many grosss are acquiring off with fraud. There should be so more conditions to be approved like working or drug testing. An Appraisal of the Arguments SNAP serves a critical function in bettering the wellness and wellbeing of families by increasing nutrient security ( Ohls, 2015 ) . There are some benefits that SNAP does to assist low income households. During the recession may household qualified for nutrient casts. Most household members lost occupations and needed the aid to acquire by. After the recession, money disbursement on nutrient casts should diminish, but people who get the benefits most likely non even seek to acquire a occupation. The eligibility to acquire nutrient casts has non change. More families are merely eligible because the unemployment rate went up. Immigrants should hold the chance to have nutrient casts for themselves and their childs. There should be a manner for immigrants to acquire citizenship in this state without a fuss. In my sentiment a batch of people depend on nutrient casts excessively much. They will work a small or non at all to assist themselves. I think the thought to hold a work activation plan is a great thought. To give able bodied people a opportunity to make for them for one time. Family members should work a certain sum of hours to have nutrient casts if able. Giving a drug trial is a great thought besides. Drug proving will restrict taxpayers money being spent and could increase family to be eligible for a occupation in the hereafter. Social workers should take their clip and truly look to see if the recipient net incomes information is right. I have personally known people who would lie about working some topographic point or restrict their hours to have the benefits. There is a batch of fraud when it comes to nutrient casts. Many families receive excessively many nutrient casts that they sell to the following individual to acquire hard currency. Possibly there could be a manner to administer nutrient casts in a more accurate manner. Does SNAP better your wellness? There was a survey done to analyze the consequence of SNAP on wellness rather by and large, analyzing self-assessed wellness ( SAH ) , healthy clip, and basic wellness use steps as results ( Gregory, 2015 ) . Their findings show that there was a positive consequence on SAH whi ch increased the demonstrability of really good wellness. They besides found that SNAP participants spend about three to fewer yearss in bed due to illness each twelvemonth ( Gregory, 2015 ) . I would necessitate to see how they gather this information because most receivers grab small to no healthy points out the food market shop. Decision In decision, I think both statements complement each other. You can’t have one side without the other. There are some great benefits to the plan, but in everything there are besides some negatives. Overall, SNAP provides nutrition aid benefits to low income households in an attempt to cut down hungriness and better wellness and wellbeing ( Ohls, 2015 ) . Now if nutrient casts aid with the wellness issue I don’t see. Most would state healthier nutrient is more expensive than the other. My recommendation is to happen a manner to lock down on how receivers measure up for nutrient casts and on how much nutrient cast to really give each family. If able, each receiver should hold some type of independency to measure up. Mentions Gregory, Christian. , A ; Deb, Rartha. ( 2015, January ) . Does SNAP better your wellness? Retrieved February 18, 2015. From hypertext transfer protocol: //eds.a.ebscohost.com.spot.lib.edu Mitchell, A. ( 2014, May 15 ) . Food Stamp Cuts: Good for U.S. Budget, Bad For Families and Business. Retrieved February 2, 2015. From hypertext transfer protocol: //wallstcheatsheet.com/politics/food-stamp-cuts-good-for-u-s-budget-bad-for-families-and-business.html/ ? a=viewall Ohls, Jim. , A ; Mabli, James. ( 2015, February ) . Auxiliary Nutrition Assistance Program Participation Is Associated with an Addition in Household Food Security in a National Evaluation. Retrieved February 18, 2015. From hypertext transfer protocol: //eds.a.ebscohost.com.spot.lib.edu Rector, R. , A ; Bradley, K. ( 2012, July 25 ) . Reforming the Food Stamp Program. Retrieved February 7, 2015. From hypertext transfer protocol: //www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/07/reforming-the-food-stamp-program Rosenbaum, D. ( 2013, March 11 ) . Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Retrieved February 1, 2015. From hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cbpp.org/cms/ ? fa=view A ; id=3239 Sheffield, R. , A ; Gaiser, T. ( 2013, June 3 ) . Food Stamps Do nt Stimulate Economic Growth. Retrieved February 1, 2015. From hypertext transfer protocol: //dailysignal.com/2013/06/03/food-stamps-dont-stimulate-economic-growth/ Auxiliary Nutrition Assistance Program ( SNAP ) . ( 2014, November 20 ) . Retrieved February 1, 2015. From hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fns.usda.gov/snap/short-history-snap

Is My Writing Any Good

Is My Writing Any Good The following response resulted from someone who wrote me and asked the above question: Is my writing any good? Thats a huge burden to bear . . . to tell a struggling writer whether his/her work is good. What is GOOD anyway? Its so subjective. Books that sold hundreds of thousands of copies dont strike a chord with me. Then Ill read a story I didnt want to make or break this writers self-esteem. Who am I to make that call? So I sent this writer the following response, and thought I would likewise share it with you. Is your writing any good? This isnt a yes or no question. Youd like it to be that simple, but Im wont let you off that easily. I read most of one piece you submitted to me but couldnt read more (my time is limited and very precious to me), and I see an intense desire to write, and I see a storyteller, but I see some newbie flaws to work on. No writer starts off writing well. Nobody. No first draft is good. Nobodys. Even Stephen King has an editor that beats him up. I think the first question is whether or not you want it. Do you want to be a writer? If you do, then it doesnt matter what the writing is now. It matters where you want to take it. You set a course and go there. Read how-to books . . . change your work from what you learn.Attend conferences . . . change your work from what you learn.Join a critique group . . . change your work from what you learn.Enter contests . . . change your work from what you learn. I see dialogue that is a little stilted and some stiff emotion. I see a writer writing for himself instead of the reader. But thats normal when you are striking out, attempting to find your footing. What is it you want to do with your writing? Define that and head in that direction, willing to edit your work as many times as it takes, for as long as it takes to get it right. If you want to publish now, and want to make bank on what youve written now, then it appears you arent into writing for the right reason. Anybody can write. Only a few choose (note I said choose) to write well. And it is indeed a learned craft. So, from all the books you read in the genre you want to write in, you tell me. Is your writing good? If so, submit. If not, learn how to fix it. What do you think?

Free Essays on Anthropolgy- Taking A Nas Song And Depicting The Meaning

have meaning, and we can make a connection with what the singer/ writer has to say. Hip - Hop and rap often are classified as music that promotes; violence, drugs and inappropriate behavior. Yet many of the most famous rappers have sent positive messages to their listeners. Nasir Bin Olu Dara Jones, A.K.A. â€Å"Nas Escobar† has a gift. He writes songs that come from his heart and from what he has seen in his lifetime. Born and raised in Queens Bridge, Queens New York he has seen a lot in his 29 years. His lyrics are â€Å"raw† and to the point. In the song â€Å"I can†, Nas offers lyrics of hope and continued support to children. This song contains many stories, all promoting one thing, with perseverance and knowing that in with time and many lessons to be learned, one will grow and become something great. Nas has been known for many of his songs/ and the meaning of his lyrics, but this song is not only making its way up the charts, but into the minds of many. When one hears a child singing â€Å" I know I can, be what I wanna be, if I work hard at it I’ll be where I wanna be†, it brings a smile to your face; knowing that these kids are singing a song that is catered to them and carries a positive message. The song continues with many short stories; the first one talking about a woman who was going to be a famous singer, but gets caught up with doing drugs and gets nowhere in life. Nas explains that the company one keeps is important, because they can alter your lifestyle, and it’s not always for the best. This is a subtle way of telling kids watch what they do because although it might seem harmless at that time, it can affect you forever. He also shows that drugs can ruin your dreams, so keep your mind straight. â€Å"I met a... Free Essays on Anthropolgy- Taking A Nas Song And Depicting The Meaning Free Essays on Anthropolgy- Taking A Nas Song And Depicting The Meaning Words went put together don’t only make sentences, but the words, phrases, and sentences make visions, pictures and ideas in our minds. Songs often become our favorites or have special meaning when the words have meaning, and we can make a connection with what the singer/ writer has to say. Hip - Hop and rap often are classified as music that promotes; violence, drugs and inappropriate behavior. Yet many of the most famous rappers have sent positive messages to their listeners. Nasir Bin Olu Dara Jones, A.K.A. â€Å"Nas Escobar† has a gift. He writes songs that come from his heart and from what he has seen in his lifetime. Born and raised in Queens Bridge, Queens New York he has seen a lot in his 29 years. His lyrics are â€Å"raw† and to the point. In the song â€Å"I can†, Nas offers lyrics of hope and continued support to children. This song contains many stories, all promoting one thing, with perseverance and knowing that in with time and many lessons to be learned, one will grow and become something great. Nas has been known for many of his songs/ and the meaning of his lyrics, but this song is not only making its way up the charts, but into the minds of many. When one hears a child singing â€Å" I know I can, be what I wanna be, if I work hard at it I’ll be where I wanna be†, it brings a smile to your face; knowing that these kids are singing a song that is catered to them and carries a positive message. The song continues with many short stories; the first one talking about a woman who was going to be a famous singer, but gets caught up with doing drugs and gets nowhere in life. Nas explains that the company one keeps is important, because they can alter your lifestyle, and it’s not always for the best. This is a subtle way of telling kids watch what they do because although it might seem harmless at that time, it can affect you forever. He also shows that drugs can ruin your dreams, so keep your mind straight. â€Å"I met a...

Americas Backlog on DNA Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Americas Backlog on DNA - Research Proposal Example Consequently, there has been a backlog in the laboratories and state departments that handle criminal justice cases. The improvement in the efficiency of the technology to reduce cost and time taken for DNA analysis and the increase in the number of DNA testing and analysis facilities and resources can tremendously wipe out the backlog that is already piling up. This document seeks to present how the improvement in efficiency and proper implementation of the DNA technology can help clear to backlog of DNA cases and to recommend the possible ways of ameliorating the situation. The evidence provided by the DNA testing is the most compelling and is steadily becoming inevitable in court cases. Despite this fascinating nature of DNA technology, it has been threatened by the buildup backlog of DNA case files or experiments in the testing facilities. The problem of backlog has been a vicious challenge as a result of ever growing large number of cases which primarily require the use of DNA to provide strong evidence. The resources, the facilities and the efficiency of the technology may have been growing at a relatively lower rate, leading to delayed process of handling DNA cases especially at the testing and analysis stage. DNA is renowned for its unchallenged evidence on identity. This has sparked scramble for the DNA technology in various fields of which criminal justice is the leading consumer owing to the fact that the ultimate focus of criminal justice is the undisputed evidence. Criminal justice is a busy field, always handling numerous cases as offences that require such strong evidence keep proliferating on a daily basis. This also contributes to it being the largest consumer of the DNA technology. With its domineering quality of providing immaculate evidence which gives the court an easy task of making a decision over a case, the DNA technology has taken a center stage in criminal justice. The

A Case study on Champion electric Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Case study on Champion electric - Essay Example In addition, the management declared that it already had profitable products, as well as buffer stock. The high inventory levels accumulated pace for the piddy items that were necessary, yet the company did not have any. When a customer ordered a product that was not available, the company had to re-order it, thus wasting a lot of time for the customer. The balancing of too much inventory that may lead to high costs and few inventories that may yield to loss of sales is the main concern for this management. Nevertheless, a firm holds inventory with an aim of reducing costs and in order to improve customer service. The management of champion electric is concerned with the need of meeting customers’ demands, thus the need for high level of stocks. In this case, they will not loose out on sale due to lack of a product. In addition, bulk buying reduces cost incurred as manufacturers grant a fare price for the bulk buying, hence a company is guaranteed of making profits once it has bought goods at a fair price. However, some goods tend to be irrelevant, as they are remodeled by manufactures, thus, customers request for the latest model of a product. Moreover, Champion Electric lacks the latest products, as its records indicate almost a 100% in stock. Barb is given the task of getting rid of the less purchased products in order to create space for new products. A disadvantage arises here, in that, a cost is incurred in terms of storage, and when these products become outdated, the company loses money. Nevertheless, high levels of inventory may mean higher sale if the products’ prices rise, and also decrease the risk of fall in supply in the future. According to Hobbs Dennis (p.59), high inventory levels lead to high overhead costs, the stock requires a lot of space, which leads to overhead costs; therefore, it is important for Barb to introduce inventory management. The main fear of too high inventory is that it may yield to idle stock that is not purchased, which counts as a loss in any business, as the stock does not yield any returns. What would you suggest to Barb as steps to take in addressing the concerns of president Campos? The level of inventories is mainly affected by demand, uncertainty, and the supply chain flex ibility. Competitive advantage cannot be achieved by only high inventory levels; however, the ability to manage supply chain is necessary. Effective inventory management ensures that a company maintains an ideal level of product; as it acts as a key to attaining a competitive advantage for any business, such that, management and control of inventory may yield to customer satisfaction and profitability of a firm (Toomey, p.1). First, Barb should collect accurate data on the number of inventories available in the store, which also involves keen observation on the number of stocks leaving and entering the stores. Accurate entries on every stock receipts should also be considered; however, though inventory management may seem expensive, it assists in monitoring the flow in and out of goods. Inventory management is important to any firm, in that, it influences supply and demand of a product. In the champion electric case, some customers demand for products which the company has run out o f; however, this may

7 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

7 - Coursework Example Why third factor is the one that coke is targeting is because it has already served the first two factors. It fulfils the physiological factor because it is a drink which people can have to quench their thirst. It also fulfils the safety aspect indicating that the customers have trust in the product, believe that it is of best quality and safe for their health. Open happiness. This is one of the latest additions of the coke bubbles campaign which urges customer cognition to relate coke to happiness. Happiness is when you share, be with friends and family and intimacy. (Below) Thanks for the pause that refreshes. This ad gives people a sense of belonging. They love Santa, kids adore him and people like him. He is a symbol of a festive season where families come together and enjoy. This indicates love and be loved which reinforces the third need in Maslow’s theory.(right) This caters to the Esteem need of its consumers. Everyone has the need for respect and self esteem. Its people and portfolio vision connects with the stakeholders as one that gives a sense of contribution, belonging and self

Personal statement for college addimissions Essay

Personal statement for college addimissions - Essay Example aking decisions on such important issues as course selection and efficient use of time has been done with assistance from college advisers, at a distance from cues and support systems from my family. While being at Temple University has developed in me a greater sense of my abilities and myself socially and academically, I feel that a change is needed to bring me closer to home. I believe that this distance from home may have contributed to failing my classes at Temple University, despite having good high school grades with a GPA of 3.6 and a SAT score of 1930. My first semester was not satisfactory and, during spring break, I took time to re-evaluate what went wrong during the semester. Family and peers play a critical role in the learning and development of the individual. The friends I grew up with in high school were creative, bright, and competitive, which made for interesting and spontaneous opinions and discussions on almost every topic. At Temple University, the seminar formats and small class size have presented me with a wonderful setting in which to learn. The professors, who are highly motivated, have encouraged participation, and this has been one of my highlights at the university. However, I have found the student interaction level to be unsatisfactory, especially with regard to limited classroom topics, which has left me feeling insufficiently challenged by my peers. Indeed, at this moment, I feel that I chose to enter Temple University for the wrong reason because I followed my best friend who also joined the university. H owever, after he left to move back home after only one month, I felt that I had made a mistake in enrolling at Temple University. In my first semester at the university, I have come to the realization that family and community play a pivotal role in growth, learning, and development. It is for this reason that I would like to move to a university that is closer to home and my family. Based on the conversations that I have had

Socilogy of Organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Socilogy of Organisation - Essay Example The term 'power' is obtained from the French term 'poeir' which implies 'being able to take action'. Power is characterised by the ability to carry out or proceed efficiently inclusive of the situational context where not to proceed is considered as most effectual. In a democratic framework, power is essentially categorised against itself, in the archetypal tripartite segmentation of power in governmental, executive and legal power, for example. In modern pluralistic democracies the distribution of power has further implication which is particularly not restricted to the dominion of formal politics. Issues of power concern to languages, communication, promotion, technologies, sciences, fashions, designs, management and varieties of other fields. Evidently, it can be concluded that 'power is everywhere' in terms of relational definition of power attributing to omnipresence, multiplication and dynamism, not restricted to the 'centres of power', as prevalent in legislative organizations and political institutions, for instance. Power is an important aspect of organizational analysis. ... r, in organizational analysis the primary emphasis is on 'power over' in which coercion put prominence on asymmetrical framework while commanding over on resources, like possession on the mode of fabrication, and consent, on the other hand, put stresses on authorities as 'gripping power' revealing a control over all the resources for and after production. There are several numbers of classifications explaining the inferences power over another - the phenomenon is defined as 'forms of power' as described by Russell (1938), subcategorised fundamentally in two headings - - Influence over individuals - Psychological types of influence (Russell, 1938). While understanding the function of an organizational structure, the fundamental methodologies employed to understand the implementation of power need to be recognized. The forms of influence, in practice, are broken down into three general subtypes - - The power of Force and coercion - The power of Inducement and group conformity - The power of Propaganda and/or practice On the other hand, the psychological influences can be subdivided into three distinctive forms such as - - Traditional - Revolutionary - Naked These subtypes can be overlapped with the forms of influences in certain given contexts, for instance, naked power can be trimmed down into coercion alone. Coercion is found to be affected by the influence of carceral power, which is essentially characterised by the experience of agents as 'imprisoned' by virtue of the use of power as a force, as described by Marx, or the attainability of the knowledge of its ability (Weber). Resistance may be overcome by the presence of compliance, which is known as subjectification as 'power through' rather than the presence of naked use of power at the form coercion, which is

History of Mathematics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

History of Mathematics - Essay Example Although there was no record of any mathematical talent in his family, both Galois’s parents were intelligent and well-read in subjects considered important at the time: philosophy, classical literature and religion. In October 1823, Galois was enrolled at the Lycee of Louis-le-Grand and his initial years in school were marked with many successes and several prizes. During his first term, however, there was a rebellion by forty students who were all expelled. Although Galois was not involved in the rebellion, the severe attitude taken by the school against those students left an impression on his already developing political outlook. By his third year, he became bored with the classical studies and his interests were soon absorbed by Legrendre’s Geometry, a book understood by very few. He regularly failed his exams and was asked to repeat the year due to poor work in rhetoric. He faced severe criticisms from his rhetoric teachers and soon his own family started to think of him as strange. February 1827 marked a turning point in his life, as he entered his very first mathematics course, taken by M. Vernier. Typical reports from his school described him as bizarre, singular, original and closed. His passion for mathematics dominated him and his director of studies advised his parents to let him concentrate only on mathematics and forgo all others. His time in school apart from mathematics was described as a waste of time â€Å"as he did nothing more than torment his teachers and overwhelm himself with punishments†. However, M. Vernier reported him as an intelligent student with zeal and success (Rothman, 1982). M. Vernier constantly implored Galois to work more systematically, an advice which he ignored. Galois attempted the entrance examination to Ecole Polytechnique a year early and without the required course in mathematics. His failure to clear the exam and the subsequent failures left a deep gash on him and embittered him for life

Personal statement for college addimissions Essay

Personal statement for college addimissions - Essay Example aking decisions on such important issues as course selection and efficient use of time has been done with assistance from college advisers, at a distance from cues and support systems from my family. While being at Temple University has developed in me a greater sense of my abilities and myself socially and academically, I feel that a change is needed to bring me closer to home. I believe that this distance from home may have contributed to failing my classes at Temple University, despite having good high school grades with a GPA of 3.6 and a SAT score of 1930. My first semester was not satisfactory and, during spring break, I took time to re-evaluate what went wrong during the semester. Family and peers play a critical role in the learning and development of the individual. The friends I grew up with in high school were creative, bright, and competitive, which made for interesting and spontaneous opinions and discussions on almost every topic. At Temple University, the seminar formats and small class size have presented me with a wonderful setting in which to learn. The professors, who are highly motivated, have encouraged participation, and this has been one of my highlights at the university. However, I have found the student interaction level to be unsatisfactory, especially with regard to limited classroom topics, which has left me feeling insufficiently challenged by my peers. Indeed, at this moment, I feel that I chose to enter Temple University for the wrong reason because I followed my best friend who also joined the university. H owever, after he left to move back home after only one month, I felt that I had made a mistake in enrolling at Temple University. In my first semester at the university, I have come to the realization that family and community play a pivotal role in growth, learning, and development. It is for this reason that I would like to move to a university that is closer to home and my family. Based on the conversations that I have had

History of Mathematics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

History of Mathematics - Essay Example Although there was no record of any mathematical talent in his family, both Galois’s parents were intelligent and well-read in subjects considered important at the time: philosophy, classical literature and religion. In October 1823, Galois was enrolled at the Lycee of Louis-le-Grand and his initial years in school were marked with many successes and several prizes. During his first term, however, there was a rebellion by forty students who were all expelled. Although Galois was not involved in the rebellion, the severe attitude taken by the school against those students left an impression on his already developing political outlook. By his third year, he became bored with the classical studies and his interests were soon absorbed by Legrendre’s Geometry, a book understood by very few. He regularly failed his exams and was asked to repeat the year due to poor work in rhetoric. He faced severe criticisms from his rhetoric teachers and soon his own family started to think of him as strange. February 1827 marked a turning point in his life, as he entered his very first mathematics course, taken by M. Vernier. Typical reports from his school described him as bizarre, singular, original and closed. His passion for mathematics dominated him and his director of studies advised his parents to let him concentrate only on mathematics and forgo all others. His time in school apart from mathematics was described as a waste of time â€Å"as he did nothing more than torment his teachers and overwhelm himself with punishments†. However, M. Vernier reported him as an intelligent student with zeal and success (Rothman, 1982). M. Vernier constantly implored Galois to work more systematically, an advice which he ignored. Galois attempted the entrance examination to Ecole Polytechnique a year early and without the required course in mathematics. His failure to clear the exam and the subsequent failures left a deep gash on him and embittered him for life

Accreditation and Private Prisons Essay Example for Free

Accreditation and Private Prisons Essay According to the American Correctional Association website, accreditation can be define as â€Å"a system of verification that correctional agencies/facilities comply with national standards promulgated by the American Correctional Association† (â€Å"Standards Accreditation†, n. d.). In order to achieve accreditation, it must go through reviews, appraisals, analysis, and hearings first. For a correctional agency to be accepted for accreditation, they at least must have one of the following: â€Å"pretrial or presented adult or juveniles; convicted adults or juveniles adjudicated delinquent; and/or adult or juvenile offenders sentenced to community supervision† (â€Å"Standards Accreditation†, n.d.). There are many advantages and benefits of accreditation. The benefits have shown assessments of facilities’ strength and weaknesses, shown goals obtained, implantation of policies and procedures, established specific guidelines for everyday procedure, â€Å"aid in the defense of frivolous lawsuits, and increase of community support and a higher level of staff professionalism and morale† (â€Å"Standards Accreditation†, n.d.). See more: Strategic Management Process Essay At ACA, they believe accreditation can enhance staff and development training. While though accreditation, there will be transcribe policies and agendas to help designate a training and staff development. The program will be for all levels of personnel. Employees’ experiences will automatically grow throughout all the training related to their job-related positions. They will receive current job-related training in relation to position requirements, new theories, current correctional issues, techniques and technologies. With the professional trainings, correctional officers will work toward compliance with standards which represent a professional practice. After all their hard work through the training, they will take pride in their professionalism. Through the ACA and the accreditation process, corrections has become more respected as a profession. They apply evidence-based practices which provide safe, secure, and humane conditions of confinement for over the millions of prisoners confined in this country. There are many valuable insights the Association provides about criminal justice and correctional policies to legislatures and government officials (Hamden, 2006-2013). Privatization are private sector prison used to hold prisoners. It is one of the solution used to solve the overcrowding of prisoners. With private prisons, it can help reduce the cost of incarcerating prisoners in an overcrowding prison (Joel, 2013). During the past couple of decades, prison population has increase. To solve this problem, it would require higher taxes on the people to build more prisons. The people responded by refusing to pay higher taxes to the government to build more prisons. Unable to solve the overcrowding of prison, a solution occurred to build private prisons to decrease overcrowding prisons. During the mid-1980s, private business interests saw the overcrowding prison as a profit and a way to expand their businesses. Corrections Corporation of America, the first modern private business was the first to emerge and established itself in 1984. The contract for the facility in Hamilton County, Tennessee was awarded to Corrections Corporation of America (CCA). It was the first time any government in the country to ever contract the entire jail operation to a private operator (Smith, 1996-2013). Privatization of prisons is thought to be more cost-effective and more efficient than public prisons (Smith, 1996-2013). Through some research to doubt on these claims, evidence show private prisons did not live up to its expectations. Research showed private prisons were no different from public prisons. In private prisons, lower staff and training may likely increase incidents of violence and escapes. With a nationwide study conducted, assaults on prison guards by inmates occur more frequently than in government-run prisons (Smith, 1996-2013). The study also show inmates assaulting other inmates occurred more often in private prisons. Concerning private vs. public prisons, there is no comparison between the two. Private prisons does not exactly help reduce the cost in public prisons. With few staffing and increase of proper training, it is likely to have more problems in private prisons than public prisons.

The use of operations management techniques

The use of operations management techniques Operations management is concerned with the design, planning, control and improvement of an organisations resources and processes to provide goods or services for customers. Whether it is the provision of airport services, medical services, holiday packages, or the manufacturing of automobiles, consumers electronics and so on; the operations manager would have been involved in the design, creation and delivery of those products and services. (Johnson, R. etal 2003). Operations Managers are found everywhere including banks, supermarkets, construction site, production plant, government offices, and so on. Their role includes designing systems within an organisation, ensuring quality, manufacturing products, and delivery of services. They also deal with clients, suppliers, partners, and latest technology. Operation management is more than just planning and managing processes; it is transformation processes which can also be define as a series of activities along a value chain extending from supplier to customer. TRANSFORMATION PROCESS INPUT: Material, Equipments, Labour, Management, and Capital OUTPUT: Goods Services Feedback Figure 1: Operations as a Transformation Process (adaptation from Russell Taylor, 2005) For instance, in a car manufacturing factory, sheet steel is formed into different shapes, painted and finished, and then assembled with thousands of component parts to produce a working automobile. In a hospital, customers (patients) are helped to become healthier individuals through special care, medication, meals, physiotherapy, and surgical procedures. Core activities in operations management include organizing work, arranging layouts, locating facilities, designing jobs, measuring performance, selecting processes, controlling quality, scheduling work, managing inventory, and planning production. Operations Management Techniques There are several operations management techniques used by companies. These include but not limited to; Lean Production Just-in-Time Benchmarking Material Requirement Planning (MRP) Quality Management Supply Chain Management Inventory Management Linear Programming Waiting Line Analysis Forecasting This report will focus on three of the ten Operations Management techniques listed above. They are Supply Chain Management, Just-in-Time, and Benchmarking. 2.1 Supply Chain Management According to Russell and Taylor (2006), Supply Chain Management can be described as an operations management technique that focuses on integrating an managing the flow of goods and services and information through the supply chain in order to make it responsive to customer needs while lowering total costs. It is also an integrated group of business processes and activities with the same goal of providing customer satisfaction. These processes include the procurement of services, materials, and components from suppliers; production of the products and services; and distribution of the products to the customers. 2.2 Just-in-Time (JIT) This is an operation management philosophy directed at eliminating manufacturing wastes by producing only the right amount and combination of parts at the right place at the right time. Developed by the Japanese during the post World War II era, it is based on the principle of producing only what is needed and nothing more than needed. The Japanese believed that anything produced over the quantity required is waste. Wastes results from any activity that adds cost without adding value to the product, such as transferring of inventories from one place to another or even storing them. (Sirisha, D. 2003). The goal of JIT is to minimize the presence of  non-value-adding operations  and non-moving inventories  in the production line. This will result in shorter throughput times, better on-time delivery performance, higher equipment utilization, lesser space requirement, lower costs, and greater profits.  JIT is most applicable to operations or production flows that do not change, i.e., those that are simply repeated over and over again. An example of this would be an automobile assembly line, wherein every car undergoes the same production process as the one before it. Benchmarking This is one of the operations management technique aimed at improving organisational process by constantly identifying, understanding and adapting successful practices and processes by others and facilitating its incorporation into an organisation. Simply put, benchmarking means comparing ones organization or a part of it with that of the other companies. As further explained by Camp (1995), benchmarking is a continuous activity; key internal processes are adjusted, performance is monitored, new comparisons are made with the current best performers and further changes are explored. When information about these key processes is obtained through a co-operative partnership with specific organisations (rather than third party such as independently-maintained database), there is an expectation of mutual benefit over a period of time. The type of benchmarking that companies can adopt are: Strategic Benchmarking Competitive Benchmarking Process Benchmarking Functional Benchmarking Internal Benchmarking External Benchmarking International Benchmarking Benchmarking exercise is a four-stage process involving; Planning stage involves identifying, establishing and documenting specific study focus areas, key events and definitions. Data collection stage involves accumulating qualitative data and learning from the best practices of different organizations. Data analysis and reporting stage involves critical evaluation of practices followed at high performing organizations, and the identification of practices that help and deter superior performance. Adaptation stage involves developing an initial action plan to adapt and implement the practices followed by these high performance organizations. 3.0 CASE STUDY 1: Dells Supply Chain Management Practices (Consumer Electronics) This case study is based on a different type of supply chain management practices pioneered by Dell Inc, one of the leading PC manufacturers in the world. It is known as the Direct Model, a unique model of selling PCs directly to the consumers, bypassing the resellers. With this model, Dell was able to provide its customers with tailor-made products, built only after procuring the order from them. This case study describes this model in detail and explains how it enabled Dell to manage its supply chain effectively. 3.1 Summary Background Note Dell Inc. (headquartered in Texas, USA) is a global technology corporation that develops, manufactures, sells, and support personal computers and other computer-related products. Founded in 1984 by Michael Dell (Michael), it grew during the 1980s and 1990s to become the largest seller of PCs and servers. Dell became a pioneer in the configure to order approach to manufacturing delivering individual PCs configured to customer specification. In order to minimise delay between purchase and delivery, Dell has a general policy of manufacturing its products close to its customers; which allows for implementing a just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing approach, which minimises inventory costs. 3.2 The Direct Model Dells Direct selling Model traces its origins to Michaels idea of selling computers directly to the consumers eliminating the need for distributors. He believed that by selling system (PCs) directly to the consumers, the company would be able to better understand the needs of its consumers. Each system was assembled according to customers preference. Dell also realised that maintaining a high level of quality was necessary in order to compete with the to PC manufacturers like IBM and Compaq. To achieve this, the company decided to increase their funds in hand by reducing inventory. Dell decided to produce PCs as per orders it received and not to hold excess inventory or finished products. Dell then later decided to replace inventory with information and pass on the information to the suppliers, who were provided access to companys internal data about the demand for specific components. With the reduction in components inventory having a positive effect on each cash flow, the company decided to bring other task related production in line with the reduced inventory. The overall savings Dell derived from managing the inventory encouraged it to try matching supply and demand on monthly, weekly and daily basis. This reduced the variation in supply and demand and gradually it was no longer necessary for Dell to maintain any component i nventory. Dell established its website in 1994, introduced online pricing in 1995, and began online sales in 1996. Within six months Dells revenue on the Internet stood at US $1 million a day. By 1997, sales through the Web were around US $1 billion, and by 1998, Dells sales through the Internet accounted for more than half of its total sales. The internet proved to be a booster for Dells direct model as it was able to facilitate transactions. Reduce costs, and improve relationships with customers. Dells direct model was directly supported by the way the companys activities were organized globally. 3.2.1 The Direct Model Role of Dells Suppliers As bringing components from the suppliers factories to Dell took anything between 7 and 30 days depending on the mode of transportation, Dell required all its suppliers to maintain a warehouse close to its factories. They could either manufacture the product at the warehouse or produce at another place and ship the finished product to the warehouse. The warehouses known as Suppliers Logistics Centres (SLC) were located few miles away from Dells assembly plants. Each SLC could be shared by more than one supplier. Typically, Dell required suppliers to maintain inventory for 8 to 10 days in SLCs. Dell took the inventory from SLCs as required, usually replenishing its stocks every two hours. Most suppliers replenished the stocks at SLCs thrice a week. Dell demanded that its suppliers should be extremely flexible to accommodate short-term demand fluctuations. The suppliers are provided with data on real-time customer demand, and every week, suppliers were given an order commitment from Dell for the following week. The suppliers needed to send their consent to meet the companys demands immediately. 3.2.2 The Direct Model Balancing Demand and Supply Dell maintained a database to track the purchasing patterns of corporate customers and their budget cycles, in order to forecast demand. It also maintained a similar database for individual customers in order to cater for their future requirements. The changing demand patterns were communicated to the major suppliers three times a day. If it was found that the lead time for a product was increasing, the procurement of the product was accelerated or additional suppliers were brought and the customers were encouraged to buy substitute product. If any component was found to be accumulating, customers were provided incentive to buy those products. On the other hand, if demand exceeded supply at any given point in time, Dell had more than one supplier to accelerate supply. If the component was generic, Dell checked with alternative suppliers. Once the supplier options were exhausted, Dell used its marketing team to shift demand. 3.3 Benefits of Direct Model Dell gained tremendous benefit from their Direct Model approach to Supply Chain Management. As Dell did not hold large inventory of finished products, it did not have to sell technologically obsolete products at a discount. Dell was able to bring in new products according to the needs of the customers into the market faster than its competitors. In addition to this, Dell was able to incorporate new technologies quickly into its products and take them to customers almost two months ahead of its competitors. Through the Direct Model, Dells production system functioned on negative working capital as suppliers were paid 36 days after Dell received payments from its customers. This is in contrast with other computer manufacturers who usually paid the suppliers 30 days before the PC was skipped to the market 3.4 What Dell could do to get more positive results In order for Dell to regain its number one position in the PC market, it has to make significant business changes to way its been doing business for two decades. Firstly, Dell could provide a facility where consumers have the opportunity to see the product before buying it. Dell can achieve this by partnering with PC retail stores. This will also help to address some of the customer service issues and improve its support system. Another thing Dell could do is to create products with a longer shelf-life, like digital televisions and printer cartridges, in addition to a few desktops and notebooks and sell them through the Dell retail stores. Finally, Dell could enter the commercial retail segment and compete with likes of HP and Acer, although this is an area in which Dell is not experienced enough. 4.0 CASE STUY 2: Toyotas Just-in-Time Revolution (Automotive) This case study is based on the Just-in-Time manufacturing system pioneered by Toyota. It is one of the most significant production approaches of the post world war II era. The case discusses in detail the concept of Toyotas JIT system and the Kanban concept; which was one of the principles on which Toyotas JIT was based. I will compare the Kanban concept with the western manufacturing philosophy. I will also make objective criticism and suggestion, where appropriate, to show what else Toyota could do to get more positive results. 4.1 Summary Background Note Toyotas history goes back to 1897, when Sakichi Toyoda (Sakichi) diversified into machinery business from his family traditional business of carpentry. He founded Toyoda Automatic Loom Works in 1926 for manufacturing automatic looms. Sakichi established an automobile department within TALW. Toyota Motor Corporation was established in 1937 after Sakichis son Kiichiro Toyoda (Kiichiro) convinced him to enter the automobile business. Kiichiro visited the Ford Motor company in Detroit to study the US automotive industry. He saw that an average US workers production was nine times that of a Japanese worker. He realized that the productivity of the Japanese automobile industry had to be increased if it were to compete globally. Back in Japan, he customized the Ford production system to suit Japanese market. He also devised a system wherein each process in the assembly line of production would produce only the number of parts needed at the next step on the production line, which made logistics management easier as material was procured according to consumption. This system was referred to as Just-in-time (JIT) with the Toyota Group. 4.2 Just-in-Time Production System in Toyota Taiichi Ohno (Ohno), who is now referred to as the father of JIT implemented JIT in Toyotas manufacturing plants in the early 1970s. The system was aimed at avoiding waste, reducing inventories and increasing production efficiency in order to maintain Toyotas competitive edge. Initially, it was used as a method for reducing inventories in Toyotas shipyards, but later it evolved into a management philosophy including a set of techniques. Kanban was an important component of Toyotas JIT concept. It is a simple parts-movement system that depended on cards and containers to take parts from one workstation to another on production line. Ohno developed the in 1956 from the supermarkets in the US, which had devised an effective system for replenishment of store shelves based on the quantities picked by customers. The essence of the Kanban concept was that a supplier delivered components to the production line only when required, thus eliminating storage in the production area. Supplier delivered desired components when they received a card and an empty container, indicating that more parts were needed for the production. In case of line interruption, each supplier produced only enough components to fill the container and then stopped. At Toyota, two types of Kanban cards were used. To move parts from one place to another, known as the Conveyance Kanban card and to authorize the production of parts, known as the Production Kanban card. Three types of information were exchanged using Kanban; Pick up information guided the earlier stages regarding parts to be produced for the succeeding stages. Transfer information indicated when the parts had to be produced for the succeeding stages. Production information was transmitted from the earlier stages to the later stages to inform the workers about the product mix and other operational matters. To make the Kanban system effective and reap maximum benefits from it, Ohno framed six rules: Do not dens defective products to the subsequent process The subsequent process comes to withdraw only what is needed Produce only the exact quantity withdrawn by the subsequent process Level the production Kanban is a means to fine tuning Stabilize and rationalize the process Another important component of JIT was called Heijunka (production smoothing). JITs principle of building only the required number of items helped keep the production costs low. Heijunka helped in the accomplishment of this principle by creating a consistent production volume. Heijunka averaged highest and lowest variations of the orders. The variations were then removed from the production schedule. This ensured that the right quantity of parts was produced with minimum workforce. Heijunka took care not only of the total volume of items but also the type of items produced and the other options. Benefits to Toyota The JIT system implemented by Toyota offered several advantages over other manufacturing processes. Because of the early adoption of JIT, Toyota benefited more from the system than other automobile companies. The main benefit of the JIT system to Toyota is its ability to help drive down costs and waste by improving the flow of production. Another big advantage of JIT system to Toyota is that it improves the responsiveness to changes in demand. The Kanban concept implemented is like a smart traffic light with ability to sense when the traffic, or in this case the demand, is building up. In addition to these, Toyota was able to: Reduce stock holdings by reduction in storage space which saves storage and insurance costs. Have less working capital tied up in stock as stock is only obtained when it is needed. Reduce time spent on checking and re-working the product of others as the emphasis is on getting the work right first time 4.4 What Toyota could do to get more positive results Toyota has not been able to replicate the JIT production system in an efficient way in any of its operations outside Japan. Toyota should try to imbibe the Japanese culture (which is a main driving force of their JIT) in their other operations outside Japan inorder to get more result. Also, Toyota should use more than two suppliers for most parts as having less than two suppliers makes Toyota susceptible to flow interruption. 5.0 CASE STUY 3: Xerox The Benchmarking Story (Consumer Electronics) This case study is based on the benchmarking initiatives taken by Xerox, one of the worlds leading copier companies. This is a part of their Leadership through Quality program implemented by the company during the early 1980s. I will discuss in detail the benchmarking concept and its implementation in various processes at Xerox. I will explore the positive impact of benchmarking practices on Xerox also make objective criticism and suggestion, where appropriate, to show what else Xerox could do to get more positive results 5.1 Summary Background Note The history of Xerox dated back to 1938, when Chester Carlson, a patent attorney and part-time inventor, made the first xerographic image in the US. He struggled for over five years to sell the invention, until 1944 when Battelle Memorial Instutite approached him to refine his new process. Xerox was registered as a trademark in 1948 when The Haliod Company obtained all rights to Carlsons invention from Battelle. Xerox Corporation was formed and listed on the New York stock Exchange in 1961. The company grew throughout the 1960s by acquiring many companies, and later diversified into the information technology business through to the early 1970s. in the 1970s, Xerox focused on introducing new and more efficient models to retain its share of the reprographic market and cope with competition from the US and Japanese companies. The companys revenue increased from $698 million in 1966 to $4.4 million in 1976, and profits also increased five-fold from $83 million in 1966 to $407 million in 1977. The rapid growth at Xerox led to the introduction of a variety of controls and procedures and the number of management layers was increased during the 1970s. This, however, slowed down decision-making and resulted in major delays in product development. By early 1980s, has found itself increasingly vulnerable to intense competition from both the US and Japanese competitors. According to analysts, Xerox ignored new entrants who were consolidating their positions in the lower-end market and in niche segments. The management also failed to give the company strategic direction. The companys operating cost was high and its products were of inferior quality in comparison to its competitors. Xerox also suffered from its highly centralized decision-making processes. As a result of this, return on assets fell to less than 8% and market share in copiers came down sharply from 86% in 1974 to just 17% in 1984.xeroxs profits decreased from $1.15billion in 1980 to $290 million in 1984. When David T. Kearns (Kearns) took over in 1982, he discovered that Japanese companies were able to undercut Xeroxs prices effortlessly because their average costs of copiers was 50-60% cheaper than that of Xerox. Kearns quickly began emphasizing reduction of manufacturing costs and gave new thrust to quality control by launching a program that was popularly referred to as Leadership through Quality. As part of this quality program (to find ways to reduce their manufacturing costs), Xerox implemented the benchmarking program. These initiatives played a major role in pulling Xerox out of trouble in the years to come. The company even went on to become one of the best examples of the successful implementation of benchmarking. 5.2 Benchmarking against Japanese Competitors Xerox discovered that it took twice as long as its Japanese competitors to bring a product to market, five times the number of engineers, four times the number of design changes, and three times the design costs. The company also found that the Japanese could produce, ship, and sell units for about the same amount that it cost Xerox just to manufacture them. In addition, Xeroxs products had over 30,000 defective parts per million about 30 times more than its competitors. Benchmarking also revealed that Xerox would need an 18% annual productivity growth rate for five consecutive years to catch up with the Japanese. After an initial period of denial, Xerox managers accepted the reality. Following this, Xerox defined benchmarking as the process of measuring its products, services, and practices against its toughest competitors, identifying the gaps and establishing goals. Goal is always to achieve superiority in quality, product reliability and cost. Gradually, Xerox developed its own benchmarking model. This model involved tens steps categorized under five stages planning, analysis, integration, action and maturity. Figure 2: Xerox Benchmarking Model (according to Karsnia 1991, Camp 1989) Xerox collected data on key processes of best practice companies. These critical processes were then analyzed to identify and define improvement opportunities. For the purpose of acquiring data from the related benchmarking companies, Xerox subscribed to the management and technical databases, referred to magazines and trade journals, and also consulted professional associations and consulting firms. Having worked out the model it wanted to use, Xerox began by implementing competitive benchmarking. However, the company found this type of benchmarking to be inadequate as the very best practices, in some processes or operations were not being practiced by copier companies. The company then adopted functional benchmarking, which involved a study of the best practices followed by a variety of companies regardless of the industry they belonged to. Xerox initiated functional benchmarking with the study of the warehousing and inventory management system of L.L. Bean (Bean), a mail-order sup plier of sporting goods and outdoor clothing.   Similarly, Xerox zeroed in on various other best practice companies to benchmark its other processes. These included American Express (for billing and collection), Cummins Engines and Ford (for factory floor layout), Florida Power and Light (for quality improvement), Honda (for supplier development), Toyota (for quality management), Hewlett-Packard (for research and product development), Saturn (a division of General Motors) and Fuji Xerox (for manufacturing operations) and DuPont (for manufacturing safety). Results of Benchmarking Some of the benefits Xerox derived as a result of their benchmarking are; Customer satisfaction for its copier/duplicator and printing systems increased by 38% and 39% respectively. Customer satisfaction with its sales processes improved by 40%, service processes by 18% and administrative processes by 21%. Customer complaints reduced by more than 60%. Financial performance of the company also improved considerably through the mid and late 1980s. Some of the other benefits Xerox derived were: Number of effects reduced by 78 per 100 machines. Inspection of incoming components reduced to below 5%. Inventory costs reduced by two-thirds. Notable decrease in labour costs. Became the leader in the high-volume copier-duplicator market segment Country units improved from 152% to 328%. 5.4 What Xerox could do to get more positive results Xerox could get more positive results by continuously benchmarking against other companies outside the United States, especially in India and China. As we are in a more competitive business environment where customers preference are changing and they want more value for their money, Xerox should try to diversify more into the technology market in order to retain its competitiveness in the market. 6.0 Conclusion Hence we can see that operations management is an important aspect of any business organisation. It is very important as it is concerned with creating products and services; the core of an organizations existence. It is also challenging because the techniques implemented by organizations need to work globally and responsibly within the society and the environment; as we can see in all the three case studies used in this report.

Free Essays: Imagery in Ghost House :: Ghost House Essays

Imagery in Ghost House    Robert Lee Frost was born on Mars 26th 1874 in San Francisco and he died in Boston, January 29th 1963. Frost was greatly influenced by his move to New England at the age of 11, his move to England when he was 37, and then his return to New Hampshire a couple of years later. These periods can be seen in his poetry. His poems about life and death made him one of the best-known poets of 20th century and he won many literary prizes, including four Pulitzer Prizes. Frost wrote poems whose philosophical dimensions transcend any region. Although his verse forms are traditional, he was a pioneer in the interplay of rhythm and in the poetic use of the vocabulary and inflections of everyday speech. His poetry is both traditional and experimental, regional and universal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main reason why I chose Robert Frost’s poem is because his poems are pretty simple and easy to understand. The poem I picked for this analysis, â€Å"Ghost House†, is an extremely descriptive poem illustrating an old haunted house. The imagery in â€Å"Ghost House† is marvelous. This poem allows the reader to see the house as if they were standing on the front porch.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   You can picture an old decrepit house, covered with vines and wild raspberries. There is a dying tree in the front yard with only one live branch on it. Underneath the tree there are two gravestones so covered in moss that the names cannot be deciphered. Right next to the gravestones is a ghostly couple standing middle of mist absolutely still and silent. On the front porch the current owner stands frozen, half by fear and half by curiosity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The poem is told through the eyes of the current resident of the house. The owner scared of his uninvited company. However, the owner’s opinion of the couple seems to change towards the end of the poem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The theme of â€Å"Ghost House† seems to be that love can survive anything, even when the body does not. Although the couple has passed away they still remain together. Another theme in this poem could be not to judge a book by its cover. At first the house’s owner seems to fear the ghosts, but he eventually comes to respect the bond that they still share.

The Sow by Sylvia Plath :: Poem Poetry

Sylvia Plaths poem, Sow, depicts a beast of mythic proportions through various images, comparisons, and specific word choices. By presenting the sow from both the point of view of its owner, neighbor, and of the speaker, Plath paints a vivid picture of farmyard decadence that the reader can relate to. The first three stanzas present an image of neighbor as a secretive, but shrewd farmer. He is shrouded in mystery to the narrator and her companions, as is his great prize-winning sow, impounded from public stare. He obviously views the sow as a source of great pride, but also something very secret and personal. Even his barn takes on a mystical quality as the narrator wanders its lantern-corridors as if in a maze. In fact, the speaker will only venture in at dusk to try and catch a glimpse of the wonderous beast. Upon seeing it for the first time (and throughout the remainder of the poem), the speaker describes the sow using a number of comparisons to which the reader can easily relate. First, this was no china piggy bank it had to be taken seriously nor a dolt pig ripe for heckling; it was much too prized to eat. Due to the sows obvious majesty, the narrator is assured that it will never meet the fate of its parsley- haloed; cousins (dinner). Nor is the sow like other common; sows, content just to raise their litters. Finally, the speaker compares the sow, through a literary allusion, to the massive Brobdingnag race of Gullivers Travels, effectively assessing its massive frame. The sow is also given (excuse the pun) dimension through the narrators diction. Words like gape and marvel express her personal wonder at beholding it, while its demeanor and royal massiveness are also shown through specific diction such as lounged, bulk, belly-bedded and dream-filmed. And, in the last stanza, a final allusion attributes to the animal a universal and monumental power, with a barnyard twist: proceeded to swill the seven troughed seas and every earthquaking continent.

Hostile Mint Case Study

Case – 1 Hostile Mint it’s probably the last place you might expect to find a hostile work environment. First of all, it’s a federal workplace. And even more surprising, it’s heavily guarded against intrusion. But the situation inside the U. S. Mint in Denver was anything but a safe place for 71 women who brought a complaint to the facility’s equal employment opportunity (EEO) officer in 2003. When the organizers of the complaint began to fear that they were the investigation targets instead of the complaints, 32 of the women decided to take the matter to the U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Their contention: The Denver Mint was a hostile work environment. These allegations were the culmination of a number of incidents that had occurred over a long period of time. The Denver Mint, which opened in 1863, has 414 employees, of which 93 are women. One woman who started working at the Denver Mint in 1997 said, â€Å"She found the atmosphere completely hostile toward females. † When she filed an EEO charge claiming discrimination, she was retaliated against by having most of her job duties reassigned and being required to work at home. Events leading to the current complaint started in 2001, when another female employee who was inspecting a men’s room for cleanliness saw a loose ceiling tile, removed it, and found 40 to 50 sex magazines. Some months later, this same employee was checking for rats in an attic and found a stash of pornographic magazines. Both times she made these discoveries, she was with a male colleague. Later, she would say in a statement given to the main office of the U. S. Mint that to her knowledge no action was every taken to address the situations. Another female employee filed a claim of retaliation and sexual harassment with the facility’s EEO officer in 2000. It was 2003 before she got a hearing with the EEOC and an administrative judge ruled in favor of the Mint. However, when she filed her claims in federal court in 2005, a jury found that she â€Å"worked in an environment hostile to women and awarded her $80,000. † In 2001, the facility’s new superintendent held a women’s forum attended by the then-director of the U. S. Mint. However, the highest-ranking woman at the Denver Mint—the administrative services chief, Beverly Mandigo Milne—said, â€Å"Nothing changed. † The final straw that triggered the complaint was the demotion of the mint’s acting EEO manager in February 2003. The month after the demotion, the 71 women filed the petition alleging a hostile work environment. An individual from the San Francisco Mint was assigned to investigate; however, the women claimed that the investigation never focused on the facts, but on Milne. One of the women said, â€Å"They believed that Beverly coerced everyone into filing the petition. † That was when 32 of the women took the matter to the EEOC. Despite the filed petition, hostile situations still continued. One woman said that in 2004, a male co-worker offered to pay her for sex. Another woman said that after she returned after a short bereavement leave following her husband’s death in 2005, a male supervisor propositioned her. On March 31, 2006, the U. S. Mint and the female employees who had filed the class complaint reached a proposed settlement. The terms of the settlement included a payment of $8. 9 million for damages, fees, and costs. The joint press release of the United States Mint and Class Couns