The Transmission Electron Microscopy Biology Essay

Ethics modules Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Morals modules - Essay Example The agent picks a case-control structure with combined way of life interviews and a couple of blood and pee tests and doles out an examination supervisor to distinguish patients with the analysis from the pathology logbook that rundowns names. The examination director would then approach every patient essential doctor for authorization to contact the patient. Which of coming up next is required before the examiner starts the examination? The Belmont Report characterizes and depicts among Practice and Exploration , portrays the idea of Regard for Person and gives details to the moral dispersion of research advantages and dangers (Principle of Justice). The Belmont report doesn't portray the need to adequately oversee irreconcilable situations for instance of the Principle of Justice. The most appropriate answer is elevated mindfulness. In 1966 Dr. Henry K. Beecher, composed an article portraying various research concentrates with dubious morals, directed by trustworthy analysts and distributed in significant diaries. Beecher finished up, exploitative or tentatively moral strategies are normal. Beechers article assumed a significant job in uplifting the consciousness of specialists, general society, and the press to the issue of untrustworthy human subjects inquire about. So as to meet the meaning of research with human subjects a specialist must get information about a living individual through connection or mediation or acquire exclusively recognizable private data. Despite the fact that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¥public behavior㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢  might be understood uniquely in contrast to setting to setting, open conduct is, by definition, not private data. Data without identifiers that is freely accessible is additionally not à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã«Å"private recognizable information㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ so it also doesn't meet the definitional prerequisites. Data that is freely accessible is additionally not considered to include human subjects

Tired at Work for No Reason Your Brains Trying to Tell You Something

Tired at Work for No Reason Your Brain’s Trying to Tell You Something You might have noticed that you are increasingly feeling tired as your work day progresses. By late afternoon, you feel like you won’t make it to the end of the day.You can’t seem to concentrate on anything.Tasks that would ordinarily take about an hour end up taking the whole afternoon.Woe unto you if you happen to have an afternoon meeting, because you will have trouble keeping your eyelids open.According to a research carried out during a sleep program, researchers found out that: 76 percent of employees felt tired most days of the week 40 percent of employees doze off during the day once per month 15 percent doze off during the day at least once per week to once per dayNormally, when people find themselves in such a situation where their energy wanes as their workday progresses, most people self-diagnose themselves.They assume that they are just overworking and assume that all they need to do to deal with the lethargy is get some rest â€" you know, get some sleep, exercise mo re, or go on a vacation to relax and charge your batteries.You have done all that, but you can’t see any improvements. You still find yourself tired at work for no reason.If this describes you, then your problem might be psychological. It might have everything to do with your state of mind.If you find yourself in such a situation, your brain might be telling you any of the following:YOU ARE BOREDThink about the following situation: You are at home on a typical Saturday afternoon. You are just bored and don’t feel like doing anything, or rather you don’t have the energy for anything.You just want to lie on the couch and probably sleep.While in this state, a friend calls with the news that he’s just won some tickets to some music event later in the evening, and wants you to meet him at his place so that you have some drinks before heading over to the concert.Immediately after the call, you realize that you feel totally different from what you were feeling five minutes earlier. With the prospect of doing something exciting, you are suddenly feeling energized.In other words, you were feeling tired and lethargic simply because you were bored. When something fun came up, your feelings of lethargy quickly dissipated.The same thing happens when you are at work. If you constantly feel tired and lacking energy while at work, this could be a signal that you are bored by your work.According to a study carried out by researchers from the University of Tsukuba in Japan, boredom-induced tiredness can be attributed to the nucleus accumbens in the forebrain.The is a part of the brain that plays a major role in the brain’s reward system, a system that rewards us by releasing dopamine when we engage in activities that are critical for our survival, such as eating or having sex.The release of dopamine results in a feeling of pleasure.However, it turns out that when there is an absence of motivational stimuli, the nucleus accumbens also makes us feel tired and drowsy.Surp risingly, the nucleus accumbens will make you feel tired and drowsy even if you are getting enough sleep every night.If you find yourself constantly feeling tired and drowsy at work, even when you are getting a good night’s sleep, take a look at your work.Are you doing work you no longer enjoy? Do you feel like you are trapped in mindless work that you don’t find stimulating? This could be the reason behind your lack of energy.In this case, try to find out what brought about the problem.If you have been assigned new duties that you don’t enjoy, try to talk to your supervisor so that you can work on projects that you find motivating.If you are still doing the same thing but no longer find it enjoyable, it might be time to try something new. Finding something new and exciting to do with infuse you with energy once again.You might also feel constantly tired when you don’t see the point of what you are doing on a daily basis.Perhaps you joined the organization because you believ ed in the organization’s mission and vision, but you don’t see how your work serves this mission.This can result in your work feeling like a meaningless grind, leading to boredom and the subsequent lethargy.If this is the case, try to find if there is a way to position yourself in such a way that you can be entrusted with more meaningful work. If you don’t find a solution, it might be time to start hunting for a new job, or even time to totally change your career.YOU ARE STRESSED OUTBeing perpetually fatigued could also be a sign that you are under stress.The stress could be caused by different aspects of your work â€" a boss that is constantly breathing down your neck, having more tasks on your plate than you can handle single-handedly, annoying clients who keep nagging you with never ending demands, or perhaps the whole organization is undergoing some difficulties that are making you stressed out. Whenever you are stressed out, your brain triggers something known as the figh t or flight response.This is an automatic response that is meant to prepare you to deal with stressful situations â€" basically anything that your brain considers to be detrimental to your wellbeing.Anything that might lead to a negative emotional response is seen as a threat to your wellbeing. When the fight or flight response is activated, it triggers the release of hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline.These hormones in turn cause some physiological changes that are meant to prepare you to deal with the situation, such as tension in the muscles, increased heart rate, increased respiration rate, and so on. These physiological changes are taxing to your energy resources.Normally, the changes associated with the fight or flight response are meant to only last a short while, until your wellbeing is no longer in danger.When something at work is stressing you, however, your brain believes that your wellbeing is under continuous threat, so you end up remaining in the fight or fl ight response.When you are constantly in this acute stress response mode, you might not notice the physiological changes in your body, but they are there.Remember, the fight or flight response is an emergency state that is only meant to be active for short durations.Remaining in this state for extended periods of time saps your energy and leaves you feeling exhausted. In extreme cases, it can even lead to medical conditions.Therefore, the constant exhaustion you are experiencing at work could be a sign that something is stressing you out. In order to regain your energy, you need a way of dealing with the stressors.In the short term, you can regain your energy by finding a way of calming yourself down, such as engaging in breathing exercises, performing a quick meditation routine, or engaging in something that will distract your mind from whatever is stressing you out.In the long term, however, you need to find a way of permanently dealing with the source of your stress. If the sourc e of your stress is an annoying client, it might be a wise move to drop that particular client.If your boss is the source of stress, try to have a conversation with him and find a way for the two of you to work together without being on each other’s case.If you have too many tasks to handle, consider delegating some to a subordinate or finding someone to help you.YOU ARE A PERFECTIONISTBeing a perfectionist is a good thing, right? If you can do everything to perfection, your performance will be excellent, and you can rise up the corporate ladder much faster, right?Wrong on both counts. Lots of people view perfectionism as a virtue, especially at the workplace, yet it could be the very reason you are constantly feeling tired at work.The problem with perfectionism is that it is impossible to achieve.Nothing you do will ever be perfect. Trying to achieve perfectionism will only have you expending more time and effort in projects and tasks than is necessary.Perfectionism also pushes y ou to set unrealistic goals that are unachievable.Regardless of how much you achieve, there will be no sense of self-satisfaction because you won’t have achieved your unrealistic goals. All these factors can sap your energy and leave you feeling exhausted.The link between perfectionism and fatigue is something that has been scientifically proven.According to a research carried out by Thomas Curan and Andrew P. Hill from the University of Bath, people who strive for perfection are more likely to experience burnout at work.Similarly, this other research found out that people who aim for perfection as a way of being accepted by others are more likely to suffer from fatigue.If your exhaustion is a result of perfectionism, you need to take some steps to overcome the perfectionism.These include re-evaluating your standards, limiting the time you spend working on projects so you don’t waste too much time doing things that don’t even improve your work, avoiding the all-or-nothing mind set, aiming for good enough instead of perfect, accepting that it’s okay to make mistakes, and avoiding comparing yourself to your colleagues.YOU HAVE NO AGENCYAgency can be defined as the capacity to act independently and make your own choices.Sometimes, the feelings of tiredness might be caused a sense of lack of control over what is happening in your professional life.In other words, it feels like there are external factors that are controlling your life, which means that you have no agency.Consider a situation where you work in a job where you do not have power to make the smallest choices.You have to run everything by your boss or supervisor before acting.Each of your actions has to be ordered by them. With time, you start feeling demoralized and stressed.This demoralization can present itself in the form of perpetual physical exhaustion.If you find that your constant fatigue is caused by your lack of agency, your brain is simply encouraging you to find something that you can exert some form of control over.A good way to remedy this situation is to have a chat with your boss or supervisor and ask them to start entrusting you with some responsibilities.Predictably, it might be a difficult thing for them to do initially, but if you prove that you can actually get things done on your own, they shouldn’t have a problem entrusting more tasks and responsibilities to you, thus giving you some control over your work.YOU ARE DEMOTIVATEDSometimes, feeling tired at work for no reason could be a sign that you have no motivation to do your work.The lack of motivation could be caused by several factors, including micromanagement by your boss, lack of career progression, job insecurity, low remuneration, unpleasant co-workers, poor communication from your superiors, boredom, feeling undervalued, the list is endless.When you have no motivation for whatever you are required to do, there is no interest in the task.You find it hard to focus on the task, and other more i nteresting things (such as scrolling through your Twitter feed or watching funny videos on YouTube) start tagging at your attention.This tension between the tasks you have no motivation for and the interesting things your brain wants you to do can lead to perpetual fatigue.A 2018 study conducted by researchers in the UK and published in the Annals of Behavioral Medicine sought to establish the link between motivation and fatigue.In the study, 100 nurses were tracked over two 12 hours shifts.During the period of study, the nurses reported their levels of fatigue and how demanding they felt the job to be after every 90 minutes.The nurses were also fitted with devices that monitored the amount of physical activity the nurses were involved in over the course of the two shifts.Predictably, the researchers found that as the shifts progressed, the nurses reported feeling more exhausted. However, on analyzing the data from the study, the researchers uncovered some interesting but surprising patterns.The researchers expected that the harder they worked (the more physical activity they were involved in), the more fatigued the nurses would feel.However, data from the study showed that there no correlation between the amount of physical activity the nurses were involved in and their levels of fatigue.The nurses’ subjective sense of how demanding they felt the job was did not have any correlation with their levels of fatigue either.Instead, the researchers found out that the nurses who felt that they were in control of their work and those that felt that they were being rewarded well for their work reported the least amounts of fatigue.Having control over their work and feeling that they were well rewarded for the work boosted the nurses motivation, which in turn made them feel more energized, even when they were doing more physically demanding work.The findings from this study have been reinforced by those from other similar studies, such as one conducted by Michael Inz licht and Marina Milyavskaya, another conducted by Samuel Marcora, or this other one conducted by researchers from the University of Albany.If you find that your fatigue is caused by lack of motivation, the first thing you need to find out is why you are feeling demotivated.Once you identify the cause of demotivation, you can then work on rectifying the situation.For instance, if your demotivation is caused by lack of career progression, you can have a chat with your boss about your career path and progression, or you can seek another job where there is greater possibility of career progression.Similarly, if your demotivation is as a result of low remuneration, you can have a conversation with your boss and negotiate for a pay rise.YOU HAVE A MESSY OFFICEConstantly feeling tired at work for no reason could also be caused by a messy workspace.Funny enough, most people do not even know that clutter is capable of affecting their state of mind and energy levels.When you work in a clutte red office, the lack of desk space is not your biggest problem. The biggest problem is that the clutter also saps your energy and leaves you feeling exhausted and unable to reach your peak levels of performance.According to a study conducted by researchers from Princeton University found that being in a cluttered environment lowers your brain’s reaction time and makes it harder for you to mentally focus on anything. This is what causes the feelings of fatigue.The clutter provides lots of visual cues that your brain has to filter through before concentrating on any one thing. Filtering through all this information takes a lot of cognitive effort, leaving you feeling drained.It’s good to note that workplace clutter is not limited to the paper files, folders and office stationary. Your exhaustion could also be caused by digital clutter.Digital clutter includes disorganized files on your computer, notifications from your social media accounts, a cluttered email inbox, and so on.When your brain has to sort between thousands of emails to find something, constantly respond to notifications, look for files all over your hard drive, and so on, this demands a lot of brain power.Your brain has to constantly filter the unnecessary information, rapidly switch between different tasks, and keep a strong working memory. All this can have the same effect on your energy levels as physical clutter.So, if you are feeling tired at work but can’t pinpoint the reason behind your exhaustion, take a look around your office and your virtual workspace and check whether it is cluttered.If your exhaustion is as a result of clutter, all you need to do is to reorganize your workspace to reduce the clutter.If there is anything on your desk you don’t need right away, keep it in a drawer or cabinet. If you haven’t used something in the last one month, you probably don’t need it at the office, so toss it or find somewhere to keep it out of the way.Before the end of each work day, ta ke a few minutes to organize your desk and put away things you don’t need, so that you can start the next day on a high note, with lots of energy.If the source of your exhaustion is digital clutter, find ways of getting rid of it too. If you have lots of disorganized files on your computer, sort related files and arrange them into folders.If you have a cluttered inbox, set aside some time and go through your emails, checking the important emails and marking the rest as read. If possible, try to achieve inbox zero, though this might be a bit of a challenge.If you have too many notifications clamoring for your attention, mute them, or even delete some of the apps if they are not really important.Reducing both the physical and digital clutter will boost your energy levels, and the feeling of constant exhaustion at work will slowly dissipate.YOU TEND TO MAKE MOUNTAINS OUT OF MOLEHILLSDo you constantly think about the worst that could happen in every situation? When your boss calls you to her office, you automatically assume that you did something wrong and are about to get fired.When a client calls you, you automatically assume that you bungled something and are about to lose the client.When you have a presentation to make, you start thinking of all the ways your presentation could go wrong. If this sounds anything like you, it could be making your mentally exhausted.This habit is referred to as catastrophizing, which is a situation where someone always thinks about the worst-case scenario in every situation and expect that it is going to happen.The person constantly exaggerates the difficulties that they face.The worst part about catastrophizing is that most people who do it might not even realize they are doing it.A 2012 review of studies found that there is a correlation between catastrophizing and fatigue.According to the review, catastrophizing makes people feel more fatigued.If you find yourself having such negative thoughts, they might be contributing to your exhaustion. Fortunately, there are ways to counter such thoughts.When you start thinking about the worst-case scenario in a situation, remind yourself of similar situations where everything went just fine.You could also talk to a trusted friend to help you gain a more realistic view of events. Meditation can also help counter the tendency to catastrophize.WRAPPING UPOccasionally feeling tired at work is normal, and there could be numerous reasons behind this.However, if you are perpetually tired and can’t figure out why, this could be your brain’s way of notifying you that you have a psychological issue that needs to be resolved.Go through the above things that your brain could be trying to tell you, identify what could be causing your constant fatigue, and then find a way to deal with it.

Race And Gender Has Shaped The Lives Of Californians

Eureka!- Even the Golden State had some Problems California becomes a multicultural area even before it becomes a state. It started with the Native Americans, Native Californians and Californios; then the Gold Rush brought a flood of new people such as Chinese, African American slaves, Europeans, etc, who wanted to make it rich. However, despite the fact that California increased in its diversity so much and so fast during its history, social and economic acceptance of different kinds of people was very low. When trying to gain statehood, one condition of the California Constitution was that foreigners have the same rights as Californios; however, shortly after, the Foreign miner’s tax was introduced, costing $20/month to mine in†¦show more content†¦After coming to the United States, Pham grew up in California but was still accosted frequently because of his race. During his bicycle ride on the west coast, a cup of liquid is thrown from a moving car at him while he is mocked; â€Å" ‘Hey Jap!’ a man i n the passenger seat shouts...The passenger sticks his head out the window and pushes the corners of his eyes, making â€Å"Chinese eyes† at me.† (Andrew X. Pham, Catfish and Mandala p. 37-38). Pham came to America at ten years old in 1977, so the â€Å"present† of the book seems to be set in the 90s. Modern day Americans like to believe that they are accepting, but even now hate crimes and acts of racism are happening. The 1990s is a fairly recent time and incidents like these were still occurring. Discrimination is contagious in a way, and Pham himself displays a variation of it. When he is traveling abroad he shows his own form of discrimination against his own heritage, separating himself with an us versus them mentality; â€Å"Mortified by the Vietnamese’s behavior and equally dismayed that I feel an obligatory connection to them, I sink deeper into my seat, resentful, ashamed of their incivility† (Pham p. 64). As a Vietnamese American, or viet kieu, he is not fully accepted by Americans or by native local Vietnamese. In this instance, he is associating with his Americanized upbringing and is critiquing himself in a way that diminishes the value of the Vietnamese and also himself. Pham displays this â€Å"us versus them† separation

Essay On No Child Left Behind Act - 1988 Words

Throughout American history, Americans have worked hard to ensure a better life for their children. Many immigrants came to the United States for this reason. These immigrants risked everything they had for the betterment of their children. Unfortunately, America has not always done the best for its children. In the 2000’s many children were obese and had shorter life expectancies than their parents. There were also schools throughout the United States, which had students who could not read or write that well. In the year 2000 the United States took a test along with several other countries which was The PISA test. On this test, The United States scored lower than several other countries. The United States were appalled that the test†¦show more content†¦The act stated, that each state would decide what proficiency was and the test which would be used. The national government did not encourage their states to achieve a high national standard such as an eighty or ninet y. As a result of this, states could have scores such as seventy or sixty as their proficiency standard. This is contradictory to what was promised initially. In the speech he gave before signing the bill at Hamilton high school, in Hamilton, Ohio, former President George W. Bush said, ‘’And so the new role of the federal government is to set high standards, provide resources, hold people accountable, and liberate school districts to meet the standards.’’ (George Bush, Hamilton, Ohio, January 12th, 2000) Initially, George Bush promised these tests where going to have high standards. However, this bill enabled states to assess with a test that they choose, and they could decide what proficiency was. This was done in an effort not to take power away from the states. Indeed, it was important for states to control their school for many voters felt that states should have right to educate their citizens’ children. However, the states were able to cor rupt this system. Ordinarily, states were controlled by people who wanted their federal funding. To ensure they would receive their funding, they made the test easier and their expectation for proficiency lower. The corruption was so well-known, that even the president of the United States knew ofShow MoreRelatedEssay On No Child Left Behind Act1247 Words   |  5 PagesIn 2004, coinciding with the conclusion of President George W. Bush’s first term in office, United States Secretary of Education, Rod Paige, released an essay depicting the successes of his administration. Paige’s department spearheaded the initiative sparked by the No Child Left Behind Act, a set of policies enacted to reform education and provide students with an improved degree of learning more suited to the evolving job market. Paige brings light to the findings of his administration, presentingRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act Essay1166 Words   |  5 Pages1. 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In an ideal universe, every child would have the intelligence and skills to become a doctor or lawyer; instead, we live in a world in which intelligence and skills are, across the board, different and unique in every student. In an attempt to create a common ground of intelligence throughout all students, the Bush administration passed the No Child Left Behind Act. Under this act, expectations were created for schools to produce a specificRead MoreEssay on No Child Left Behind Act3562 Words   |  15 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act Alexis Cross His 324 Dr. Stephan Law February 20, 2010 No Child Left Behind Outline: 1. Introduction a. What I will be writing about b. Why I chose my topic c. What will be covered 2. The NCLB Act d. How it came to be e. What was proposed f. How it has been enacted 3. The NCLB Act g. Arguments in favor of h. Arguments against 4. Statistics i. How the NCLB Act has had a positive impactRead More No Child Left Behind Act Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pages No Child Left Behind Act President Bush quoted, â€Å"Clearly, our children are our future†¦Too many of our neediest children are being left behind† (www.ed.gov). The â€Å"No Child Left Behind† Act expands the federal government’s role in elementary and secondary education. The NCLB emphasizes accountability and abiding by policies set by the federal government. This law sets strict requirements and deadlines for states to expand the scope and frequency of student testing, restore their accountabilityRead MoreEssay on The No Child Left Behind Act1440 Words   |  6 PagesInitiated in 2002, the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001 intended to prevent the academic failures of educational institutions and individual students, as well as bridge achievement gaps between students. This act supports the basic standards of education reform across America; desiring to improve the learning outcomes of America’s youth. No Child Left Behind has left many to criticize the outcomes of the Act itself. Questions have risen concerning the effectiveness of NCLB, as well as the

Stress’ Impact on Student Free Essays

Stress’ Impact On Student Mentality By Courtney Johnson ,October 16, 2012 It’s that time of year again. The semester’s first round of exams forces students into late night study sessions, shoving activities with friends to the side and creating more stress than students prepare for. Eventually, students stretch themselves so thin that the effectiveness of their work begins to suffer, and their own confidence in themselves starts to lack. We will write a custom essay sample on Stress’ Impact on Student or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is anxiety’s way of silently creeping into the otherwise happy and healthy student mentality. Most students are able to manage their time and balance their workload with other responsibilities. Yet, there are some students whose lives spiral downward, and they lose the optimistic perspective to assist in effectively managing their time. College students have a high risk of developing a number of different anxiety disorders — a direct result from excess responsibilities in their life. Disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder and social anxiety disorder can lead to depression, eating disorders and a change in one’s overall health. Yet, college students tend to worry most about their future career, school and friends, classified as generalized anxiety disorder or everyday anxiety. Different people react to this differently: Some cry, some get angry, some lose sleep and others lose their sense of reality completely and become a frazzled robot mechanically going through the motions of everyday life, focusing solely on school and work. While thinking about school and life after college is important, it does not have to be a rat race. With the right perspective and methods for coping with stress, students can learn how to manage their anxiety without feeling overly burdened from school. Popular methods that most students use to aid their anxiety levels are working out and practicing yoga. Working out is a great way to release endorphins in the brain that better one’s perspective about themselves and their outlook in the world. Yoga is a great weapon against stress because it uses breathing and meditation help to relax the mind and muscles. For students who may have tried these approaches, yet need more encouragement, Boynton Health Service has a mental health clinic that offers a variety of counseling options for students. One of these options that students might find most helpful is the Boynton Mindfulness Group, which â€Å"helps people explore methods for handling stress through mindful awareness. † According to the Mayo Clinic, mindfulness is defined as focused, deliberate attention to a task or thought to quiet the mind and eliminate distractions. Group sessions for the Mindfulness Group at Boynton include meditation strategies and lessons on the difference between responding to stress and reacting to stress. Boynton also offers a specific group for students suffering from severe anxiety, giving them the opportunity to meet and speak with counselors in person and emergency sessions over the phone. The key to managing stress and anxiety is acknowledging it, speaking up and asking for help. These are all helpful strategies for the myriad of stressed out students silently panicking around every corner of campus this time of year. The University of Minnesota offers a number of services to aid students in managing stress and anxiety when they encounter it. Working out and practicing yoga at home can be just as beneficial; it simply depends on the student’s case. The different pressures placed upon the shoulders of students are very prevalent this time of the semester. Doing well in school is the ultimate goal, but building a case for life post-graduation is important, too. Controlling perspective and learning how to cope with these pressures is the key to minimizing student anxiety. http://www. mndaily. com/2012/10/16/stress%E2%80%99-impact-student-mentality How to cite Stress’ Impact on Student, Essay examples

Microbiology Unknown Lab Report Essay Example

Microbiology Unknown Lab Report Paper Preparing for class Day I Read in your lab manual about the following agar mediums: Blood Agar (pug 168), EMBED Agar (pug 170), Imitation Salt Agar 172)), McCracken Agar (pug 174), ND PEA Agar (pug 176) to answer the following: 1. What does the blood agar select for? Blood agar allows distinction among bacteria based on their ability to else red blood cells (hemolytic activity). 2. What color is the blood agar? Blood red color. 3. What are the 3 types of blood agar results and how can you recognize them? Beta hemolytic, which is the complete lysine of red blood cells and hemoglobin. This results in complete clearing tooth blood around the colonies. Alpha hemolytic refers to the partial lysine of red blood cells and hemoglobin, This results in a greenish-grey disconsolation tot the blood around the colonies. Employees, sometimes called gamma hemolytic results in no change in the medium. 3. What color is the EMBED agar? Dark blue colonies with green metallic sheen or pink. 4, What does the EMBED agar select for? Cram-negative bacteria. 5. What bacteria can easily be differentiated on EMBED agar? Gram-positive. How is it recognized? It contains the dyes eosin and methyl blue, which inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria. 6. What color is the Imitation Salt Agar (MS)? Yellow color change in surrounding media. 7. What does the MS agar select for? It contains 7. 5% sodium chloride, which selects for organisms that re halogenated. 8. Which bacteria (that we have learned about in lecture) can be seen on MS agar? The organism Staphylococcus erasures. How can it be recognized? Capable Of imitation fermentation, signified by the color change in the surrounding media. 9. What color is McCracken Agar? We will write a custom essay sample on Microbiology Unknown Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Microbiology Unknown Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Microbiology Unknown Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Neutral red, and produce a pink color. 10. What does the McCracken agar select for? Gram. Negative bacteria. 11. What color is PEA agar? Small transparent colonies 12. What does the PEA agar select for? Isolation of obligate anaerobic bacteria. Class day 1 14 We will be setting up the Selective/Differential Media plates for each group s follows: Each group will have one bacteria sample and will do streak plates on each of the 3 agar plates (EMBED, PEA and McCracken). Label the bottom of the plate with your culture name. Invert your plates and stack them in the ICC incubator. Take care with your technique because each groups plates will be shared with every group in the class. IS Each group will have 2 MS plates, Divide them in half and place the following samples on these plates: Nasal swab S. Epidermises S. erasures Vomits We Will use sterile cotton swabs for the nasal sample and vomits sample. Use your loop for the culture samples. Label your plates, invert them and stack them in the ICC incubator. 16. Each group will have a Blood Agar plate. Swab the back one students throat (sterile cotton swab) and transfer the sample using streak plating method to the blood agar plate. Class day 2: Look at the results of your different media plates. 17. In the space below, diagram your plate results. Label plates and color where appropriate, EMBED PEA MAC Blood MS 18 Pill in the following charts to help organize this information: Selects for. Important Bacteria among bacteria as to I hemolytic activity interconnect greenish/gray hue around I Differentiate by I Blood Agar I Color of agar Distinguishes I Clear zone around the I Streptococci and their ability to else Orbs. Bacteria, or I Embargo Distinguishes bacteria that ferment I Dark blue colonies with II. Oil and I Gram-negative bacteria lactose and or sucrose and those that green metallic sheen or organisms Did not. Pink. Imaginary For organisms that are I Isolates for imitation fermentation I Yellow color change in I Staphylococcus erasures I I I surrounding media, land Staphylococcus I Epidermises I halogenated. I McCracken Agar I Gram- negative bacteria. I Distinguished from lactose fermented Neutral red, and Interrogated arrogates, I produce a pink color land E. Coli, Epigram I bacteria or not I Isolation of obligate anaerobic I Distinguished from gram-negative and I transparent E. Oil and I bacteria I Staphylococcus erasures gram-positive bacteria. YOU WILL BE RESPONSE ABLE FOR THE FOLLOWING: o EMBED -? E. Coli recognition o Imitation Salt Stash recognition o Blood Agar Beta/Gamma hemolytic o PEA Gram (4) recognition o McCracken Gram G) recognition 19. Match the following plates with the above recognitions: [pick [pick] [pick [pick] [pick] A. McCracken Gram (-) recognition. 8. Blood Agar -Beta/Gamma hemolytic. Coli recognition. D. Imitation Salt Stash recognition. C. EMBED-E E. PEA Gram (+) recognition. Label-Medicaid Microbiology-Apart Tests for the Identification of Bacteria, Spasms Preparing for class Day 1 Read in your lab manual the following tests: Catalane Test (pug I SO), Oxides Test (pug 152), Coagulate Test (pug 166) to answer the following: 1. What do you remember (from lecture) about catalane? It is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen. 2. What is this enzyme involved in (from What we learned in lecture)? It catalysts the decomposition Of hydrogen peroxide o water and oxygen. 3. What does the Catalane Test test for? Is primarily used to distinguish among Gram-positive Cisco. 4. What does a positive Catalane Test result look like? Notable bubbling. What does a negative result look like? No bubbling. 5. What does the Oxides Test test for? To determine if bacteria have stockroom oxides, a participant in electron transport during respiration. 6. What is this enzyme involved in? Identification of bacterial strains: it determines whether a given bacterium produces stockroom oxides (and therefore utilizes oxygen with an electron transfer chain). 7. What does a positive Oxides Test result look like? Ill result in a color change to pink, through maroon and into black, within 10-30 seconds. What does a negative result look like? Will result in a light-pink or absence of coloration. 8, What does the Coagulate Test for? Pathogenic and non-pathogenic staphylococci. 9. What is this enzyme involved in? Staphylococcus erasures 10, Why is coagulate important to bacteria? Because of their ability to cause blood p lasma to clot 11. What does a coagulate positive result look like? Indicating by gelling of the plasma, which remains in place even after inverting the tube. What does a negative result look like? It flows when inverter 12. What bacteria are important in reference to the coagulate test? Staphylococcus erasures and Stash. Epidermis will demonstrate the Catalane, Oxides, and Coagulate tests. 13. On the box below, diagram the results Of the Catalane Test: Label results 14. In the box below, diagram the results of the Oxides Test. Label and use color where appropriate. IS In the box below, diagram the results of the Coagulate Test. Label and color where appropriate. 16. Fill in the following charts to help organize this information. Purpose Negative result Involved in I Positive Result I I Catalane Test TIT detect the presence tot I Quickly breakdown H2O into water and Bubbling I catalane, an enzyme that degrades 102 hydrogen peroxide I No Bubbling I I Oxides Test I Collects electrons and facilitates I Purple, maroon and into I Light pink or absent To determine if bacteria have I their addition to molecular 02 and black color color H2O during I respiration stockroom oxides, a participant I with to form line electron transport Coagulate Test TIT distinguish between pathogenic I Activates a pathway that converts I Gelling of the plasma, I Flows when inverted I and non-pathogenic staphylococci, forefinger in blood plasma into I remains in place even base on blood plasma clotting I fibrin, the protein thread sticks I after inverting the tube I forming clots Karen Hogan Label-Medical Microbiology part-3-Two Additional Tests for Identification of Bacteria: Latex Agglutination Test and Underwrote II Test Preparing tort class Day I Read the L atex Agglutination Test information provided and answer the following I. What does agglutination mean? Clumping of bacteria or red cells when held together by antibodies. 2. Since we are in microbiology are cooking for the clumping Of Epitomes found on the surface Of Antigen that Will bind to specific Antibody that were made by Immune system(B cells). 3. What Will a positive result look like? Clumping. 4. What will a negative result look like? Dilute liquid no clumping. Latex Agglutination Test The latex agglutination test is a laboratory method to check for certain antigens in a variety of bodily fluids including saliva, urine, cerebrations fluid, or blood. The sample is mixed with latex beads coated with a specific antibody. Fifth suspected substance is present (the specific antigen), the latex heads (with the pacific antibody) will clump together with the antigen (agglutinate). Antigen Antibody attached to beads in liquid When the antigen shape matches the antibody shape, they will bind to each other and the cells/antibody/antigen will clump together (as below). Notice how the dark spots are clumping in the liquid. When the antigen shape does not match the antibody shape, they will not bind to each other (see below). Notice that there are no clumps in the liquid. Procedure a) Place a drop of the Latex Control liquid in one of the circles on the test card. The Latex Control liquid will have the liquid contain the latex beads with no antibodies attached. B) Aseptically remove a colony from an agar plate and place it on the circle with the Control liquid. ) With the sterile loop, mix the liquid with the colony, d) Place a drop of the Latex Test liquid in the second circle on the test card The Latex Test liquid will have the liquid with antibodies for a specific microbe (in our class, the antigen is for Stash erasures) attached to the latex beads. E) Asepticall y remove a colony from an agar plate and place it in a second circle marked on the test card. F) With the sterile loop, mix the liquid with the colony. G) Compare the mixtures of the two colonies. 5. In the space below, diagram the results Of the Agglutination Test. Use color Preparing for class Day I Read the Underwrote II System information provided and answer the following: 1. What types of bacteria will the Underwrote II Test identity? E coli. 2. What information will the Underwrote II Test give us? ID gram-Eng, glucose fermenting, oases-negative intercontinental. The Underwrote II System The basic philosophy of the Underwrote II System is the speed, ease and low cost in the identification Of gram negative, glucose fermenting oxides-negative Intercontinental. The Underwrote II System consists of a single tube containing 2 compartment, each containing a different agar culture medium. There are compartments that require aerobic conditions and have small openings that allow air in; those compartments that require anaerobic conditions have a layer of paraffin wax on the top of the media. There is a self- enclosed inoculating needle or wire that runs through the center of the tube. The end of the needle can touch an isolated bacterial colony and then in one movement can he drawn through the 12 compartments so that every compartment is inoculated. [pick] After 18-24 hours of incubation, the color changes that occur in each of the impairments are recorded and interpreted according to the manufacturers instructions, The interpretation is done by determining a five-digit code from the results and then consulting a coding manual. [pick] Inoculating the tube: a. Remove the caps from both ends of the Underwrote. The tip of the wire is sterile and does not need to be flamed. B. Touch a well-isolated colony from an agar plate with the tip of the wire. C. Inoculate the Underwrote with the bacterial culture by drawing, and at the same time rotating, the wire through the 12 compartments. D. Push the ever back through the Underwrote so that the 12 hammers are re-inoculated. E. Withdraw the Wire once again until the tip is in the HAS/indolence compartment and then break the wire at the notch by bending back and forth. F. Replace the caps but do not tighten. Losing the Wire remnant, punch holes in the compartments that need to grow aerobically. G. Incubate the Underwrote for 18-24 hours at ICC. Interpreting the tube: a. After 18-24 hours of incubation, examine the Underwrote and notice the color changes that have occurred in each compartment. B. SE the color code chart provided in class to determine positive and negative results. C. Record both costive and negative results on the small worksheet provided during lab, d, We will skip the Indolence testing and the compartment labeled UP. E. Determine the five-digit identification number: 1. U se only the tests that are positive. Add the numbers under the results within each test section. 2. Enter the sum of the positive tests for each test section in the square labeled ID value. F. Determine the identity four enteric unknown by comparing the five- digit identification number with the Underwrote II Interpretation Guide (manual provided during lab), bacteria.